-
Brazil 2025 Policy recommendations for Brazil
…of-government energy transition workforce mapping and planning to ensure opportunities in local communities are optimised.15. Integrate electricity into the portfolio of options for clean cooking access for families. Investment and financing 6. Pursue the intended establishment of a carbon pricing instrument to orient investment while using revenues to mitigate adverse impacts on low-income groups and maintain competitiveness. 7. Establish a national investment fund to direct a fixed share of the government oil revenues to finance the energy transition, including plans to move up the value chain in new industries. End-use sectors 8. Implement mandatory energy audits…
-
What Next for the Global Car Industry Executive summary
…fifth of cars sold globally in 2024. The geography of car markets is also on the move: China and other emerging economies now account for over half of global car sales, up from just 20% in 2000. China’s car production more than doubled between 2010 and 2024, when China overtook the European Union to become the world’s largest exporter. Global car production today is lower than at its 2017 high, and its centres have shifted. China now accounts for 40% of total manufacturing capacity and Europe and North America for 15% each. India’s car output has also…
-
Financing the Modernisation of Power Systems Beyond Coal Executive summary
…so, while maintaining energy security and grid reliability. This report focuses primarily on Southeast Asia, where coal remains an integral part of the electricity mix and where many of the current discussions and pilot initiatives for transition credits are concentrated.Despite rapid growth in renewables, coal remains critical to meet growing electricity demand and fulfil key power system needs. Coal use is in structural decline in advanced economies, but it continues to play a central role in some emerging market and developing economies. Southeast Asia illustrates this dynamic, as one of the world’s fastest‑growing regions for electricity demand, driven…
-
Pledges to Progress 2025 Pledges to Progress Company Assessment
…i.e. before the OGDC was launched.This is not an assessment of environmental performance. It tracks 25 specific aspects of target-setting, implementation strategies and disclosure, based on a framework put together by the International Energy Agency (IEA), the United Nations Environment Programme’s International Methane Emissions Observatory (IMEO), and the Environmental Defense Fund. Companies may not need to undertake every strategy in the framework in order to meet their targets.Working cooperatively with the companies and the OGDC Secretariat, the goal is to provide transparency on the actions taken to achieve Oil and Gas Decarbonisation Charter and where…
-
Electricity Mid-Year Update 2025 Prices: Trends in wholesale markets differ across regions
Average wholesale electricity prices in the first half of 2025 rose year-on-year in various regions, including Europe, the United States and Japan, amid higher gas prices. By contrast, countries such as India and Australia saw lower wholesale prices compared to the previous year in the face of varying demand and generation trends, among other factors. At the same time, a number of markets continued to observe an increase in the occurrence of negative electricity prices. A detailed discussion of negative electricity prices and their drivers can be found in our Electricity 2025 report. Higher gas prices put upwards…
-
Global Critical Minerals Outlook 2025 Executive summary
…Diversification is the watchword for energy security, but the critical minerals world has moved in the opposite direction in recent years, particularly in refining and processing. Between 2020 and 2024, growth in refined material production was heavily concentrated among the leading suppliers. As a result, the geographic concentration of refining has increased across nearly all critical minerals, particularly for nickel and cobalt. The average market share of the top three refining nations of key energy minerals rose from around 82% in 2020 to 86% in 2024 as some 90% of supply growth came from the top single supplier alone: Indonesia…
-
Energy Efficiency Policy Toolkit Appliances
…programmes can lower the upfront costs of investing in appliances and can persuade consumers to buy more efficient products, while motivating technology suppliers to innovate and produce high efficiency alternatives. By offering incentives, policy makers can accelerate the transition to highly efficient appliances. More informationThis toolkit provides an overview of the most important elements of each policy instrument, but you can find more by exploring additional resources. IEA Appliance Energy Efficiency Policy online trainingIEA TCEP for Appliances and EquipmentUnited for Efficiency (U4E) Energy Efficient AppliancesIEA Energy Efficiency 2024IEA 4E TCP Annual Report 2024IEA & 4E Programme AchievementsCLASP World’s Best MEPS
-
Coal 2025 Trade
International coal trade is set to decline in 2025 International coal trade grew by 3% in 2024, reaching a new record of 1 544 Mt. This growth was driven by increases in both thermal coal (up 26 Mt to 1 176 Mt) and met coal (up 21 Mt to 368 Mt). Coal trade accounted for approximately 18% of global coal demand, with thermal coal making up more than three-quarters of total traded volumes. Seaborne trade continued to dominate, representing over 90% of global coal trade in 2024.The Asia Pacific region further strengthened its dominance, accounting for 85% of global coal imports in 2024. China led…
- Executive summary
- Demand
- Supply
- Trade
-
+ 2 pages
-
Universal Access to Clean Cooking in Africa Outlook for clean cooking in Africa
…burner? Based on today’s policies, investment and market trends, only three African countries are set to reach universal clean cooking access by mid-century. Sub-Saharan Africa could achieve universal coverage by 2040, if countries were to replicate the best historical rates of progress seen in similar countries around the world – a pathway explored in the new Accelerating Clean Cooking and Electricity Services Scenario (ACCESS). It will require 80 million people to gain access annually, or a 4.7 percentage point improvement in access rates each year, comparable to rates of progress seen in Indonesia, Cambodia and Viet Nam…
-
Global Methane Tracker 2025 Key findings
…Methane emissions are widely underreported Little or no measurement-based data is used to report methane emissions in most parts of the world. This is a major issue because measured emissions tend to be higher than reported emissions. Our estimates are based on the latest and best available data including scientific studies, measurement campaigns and large emissions events detected by satellites. As more measured data has become available, it appears that most national inventories are underreporting emissions: our estimate of total energy-related methane emissions globally is about 80% higher than the total reported by countries to the UN Framework Convention on…
