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Coal 2025 Supply
…the primary energy source in both China and India, making domestic production a cornerstone of their energy security strategies. Following supply shortages in 2021, both countries have ramped up coal production for several years in a row.At 9 111 Mt, global coal production in 2025 is projected to remain at 2024’s level. This marks a plateau before entering an expected downturn later in the decade. The decrease reflects weaker output in major exporters such as Indonesia (output at 778 Mt) and Australia (output at 446 Mt), where lower prices and weaker import demand weighed on supply. China has maintained growth but at…
- Executive summary
- Demand
- Supply
- Trade
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Energy Technology Perspectives 2026 Supply chain risks and industrial competitiveness
…China could, in theory, have met most non-Chinese demand in 2024. Yet each of these supply chains contains several steps where production outside the largest exporter is not sufficient to meet demand, and at least one step where it covers less than one-quarter. A supply chain is only as secure as its weakest link. No major change in the security of global clean energy technology supply chains is likely before the end of the current decade, based on committed manufacturing and mining projects and projected market trends based on today’s stated policy settings. The impact of Chinese…
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Global Energy Review 2026 Technology: Nuclear
…construction globally is in China, with total installed capacity in the country expected to reach 100 GW by around 2030. Among other emerging market and developing economies, Egypt, India and Türkiye each have around 5 GW under construction. In advanced economies, Japan, Korea and the United Kingdom each have two reactors under construction, while Slovakia has one; their combined capacity is 9.5 GW. Japan continues to restart reactors whose operations had been suspended.Nearly all nuclear reactors currently under construction are large scale, most with capacities above 1 000 MW. At the same time, China already operates one land…
- Key findings
- Global trends
- Oil
- Natural gas
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World Energy Investment 2026 Regional dashboards
Despite the destabilising effect of the Middle East conflict, capital flows to the energy sector are expected to grow to USD 3.4 trillion in 2026, a 5% rise from 2025, mainly from China, the US, and the EU. Clean energy investment grows to USD 2.2 trillion, almost double that of fossil fuels. Investment in clean energy increases year-on-year by 7% in advanced economies and in China, while 4% in other emerging markets, reflecting regional differences with a shared focus on energy security.
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Global Hydrogen Review 2026 Production
Global hydrogen production remains dominated by unabated fossil fuels. Low-emissions hydrogen production reached almost 1 Mt in 2025 and is expected to register record growth in 2026, accounting for more than 1% of global production, strongly concentrated in China, Europe and North America.Installed electrolysis capacity doubled in 2025 to surpass 4 GW, thanks to the commissioning of several large-scale projects in China. More than 2.5 GW are under construction, targeting operation in 2026. Growth is expected mostly in Europe, with 2 GW, but is highly concentrated in a small number of big projects.One large project for production from fossil…
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Global EV Outlook 2025 Trends in heavy-duty electric vehicles
…risen from around 600 in 2020 to over 2 000 in 2024, which accounts for almost 40% of sales outside of China, Europe, and the countries mentioned above. City buses are driving the transition, like in Europe. In Mexico, close to 8% of all bus sales were electric in 2024, up from just above 1% in 2023. There has also been impressive growth in Colombia, Chile, Brazil, and other countries over the past few years. Another notable trend is the decline in the share of PHEVs among electric buses. In China, the share of PHEVs in total electric bus sales peaked…
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Global EV Outlook 2025 Trends in the electric car industry
…the country’s total output, followed by Japanese and EU OEMs contributing equally to the remaining 30%. Meanwhile, Canada’s output paled in comparison to its neighbours, remaining constant from 2023 at 25 000 vehicles.Electric car production also increased in Asia Pacific countries other than China to reach about 1 million. While incumbent carmakers such as Japan’s Toyota and Korea’s Hyundai were behind most of the region’s output, emerging EV players like VinFast in Viet Nam or Tata in India were responsible for an increasing share of production, growing from 10% in 2023 to 15% in 2024. In In..…
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Coal Mid-Year Update 2025 Supply
…of 2.5 Mt.Indonesia, the world’s third-largest producer, increased output by 8% to 836 Mt, supported by high domestic demand and increasing export volumes, particularly to China. In Australia, production increased around 3% to 475 Mt, despite heavy rainfalls in the beginning of the year. The United States saw a 11% drop, mainly due to a halt in the stock building in 2024. Mongolia’s production jumped by 21% as Chinese import demand strengthened. South African production increased by 1%, as power outages impacted growth of domestic coal demand. Despite sluggish coal demand, 2025 is set to be…
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Renewables 2025 Executive summary
Renewables’ global growth, driven by solar PV, remains strong amid rising headwinds Global renewable power capacity is expected to double between now and 2030, increasing by 4 600 gigawatts (GW). This is roughly the equivalent of adding China, the European Union and Japan’s power generation capacity combined to the global energy mix. Solar PV accounts for almost 80% of the global increase, followed by wind, hydropower, bioenergy and geothermal. In more than 80% of countries worldwide, renewable power capacity is set to grow faster between 2025 and 2030 than it did over the previous five-year period. However, challenges including…
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What Next for the Global Car Industry The importance of the growth in EV sales for the car industry
…than one-fifth of all cars sold globally were electric. Policies remain key to growth in many regions, although falling prices make affordability an increasingly important driver. In China, two-thirds of battery electric cars sold in 2024 were cheaper than internal combustion engine (ICE) equivalents. In other major markets like Europe and North America, electric cars remain more expensive on average. But prices have been falling in many emerging economies on the back of affordable Chinese imports; in Southeast Asia, this helped push the share of electric car sales to 9% in 2024, almost double the share in 2023…
