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Indicators Handbook for Just and Inclusive Energy Transitions Purpose and Development of the Handbook
A flexible contextual approach The Indicators Handbook complements the Blueprint for Action as a flexible, pragmatic and evidence-based resource to provide guidance on tracking the implementation of the G20 Principles for Just and Inclusive Transitions.Each chapter corresponds to one of the G20 principles. For each principle, the Handbook presents emerging practices and approaches from several country case studies, illustrating both indicators and methodologies for tracking progress, monitoring effectiveness and designing better policies. Each chapter also includes lessons learned from international experience and key considerations relevant to measuring the specific issues associated with the principle.The indicators proposed for…
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Coal 2025 Executive summary
…Strong growth in global electricity demand could support coal consumption in the years ahead. But competition with other power sources is also set to intensify, with renewable capacity surging, nuclear expanding steadily, and a wave of liquefied natural gas (LNG) arriving on the market.Since coal substitution in industry is slow, coal use by the sector is forecast to decline by less than 1% per year through the end of the decade. However, this slight drop is expected be offset by an increase in coal gasification plants, mainly in China.The most substantial growth in coal consumption between now and…
- Executive summary
- Demand
- Supply
- Trade
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+ 2 pages
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Energy and Gender
…roles, such as scientific research (45%) and the manufacturing of electrical equipment (27%). The share of women in senior leadership is growing but lags the economy-wide average The share of women in senior leadership positions has been rising faster than the economy-wide average since 2015. Renewables and nuclear have seen particularly strong progress, while there have only been marginal gains in oil and gas supply, and coal witnessed declines. Women’s share of leadership roles in the energy sector now stands at 18% – up from 13% in 2015, but still below the economy-wide average of 25%. Nearly…
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Global EV Outlook 2026 Outlook for electric mobility
…buses and 2/3Ws. In the NZE Scenario, the corresponding share reaches around 45%, reflecting higher levels of policy ambition and technology deployment.The share of the global EV stock located in China declines from 70% in 2025 to over 55% by 2035 in the CPS and around 50% in the STEPS, as adoption accelerates in other markets. In terms of market share, electric 2/3Ws reach close to 60% in the STEPS. Although electric buses and electric LDVs had roughly similar EV stock shares in 2025, the sales share of electric buses grows more slowly, reaching close to 25…
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Electricity Mid-Year Update 2025 Emissions: Power generation CO2 emissions are plateauing
Global emissions from electricity generation rose by 1.2% in 2024, following an increase of 1.6% in 2023. Last year was even hotter than in 2023 – making it the warmest year on record – with the heat waves boosting electricity demand for cooling. Nonetheless, growth in power sector emissions showed signs of slowing down as rapid deployment of renewables constrained increases in fossil-fired generation. As this trend continues, we expect 2025 emissions to plateau and remain relatively unchanged. In 2026, we forecast a slight decline of less than 1%, as the increase in low-emissions generation depresses fossil-fired…
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Critical Mineral Traceability for Energy and Economic Security Executive summary
…adopt policies that encourage domestic projects or enhance domestic oversight over use of mineral resources. Consuming countries, by contrast, have focused more on reducing concentration, enabling diversification and promoting responsible practices across global mineral supply chains, often through introduction of sourcing requirements.Traceability is a foundational tool for implementing effective policies. It enables governments and companies to track where minerals originate, how they move through supply chains, who has custody of them and how they are transformed. Traced material can have further data attached – such as sustainability or quality attributes – which can become relevant depending on the policy objective. Together…
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Renewables 2025 Renewable heat
…measures (e.g. grants and drilling-risk insurance), infrastructure support and emerging strategies such as clean-heat targets and carbon pricing.In the buildings sector, three-quarters of renewable heat developments in the past six years took place in China, the European Union and the United States. Heat pump deployment has played a major role in all these markets, translating into rising consumption of both electricity and ambient heat for space and water heating. Large additional contributions also came from electric heating equipment and solar thermal and geothermal developments in China. If fossil fuel use is not contained, the heat…
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Cambodia
Cambodia’s electrification rate is the second-lowest among South East Asian countries. Cambodia plans to increase its power generation capacity by building hydropower and coal-fired plants by 2025, which can contribute to improve self-sufficiency of power supply.
- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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+ 5 pages
![Cambodia Flag]()
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Sheltering From Oil Shocks Road transport fuels
…from home where possible Description: Working from home can reduce oil consumption from private vehicles used to commute. While not all jobs are suitable for working from home, it can be an effective measure when the job allows for it. In advanced economies, about one-third of jobs are suitable for remote work, while in emerging markets and developing economies, this figure is closer to one-fifth. Working from home affects oil consumption differently across regions, depending on commute distance, car occupancy and average fuel consumption of the car. In most countries the impact is felt mainly on gasoline demand…
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Coal Mid-Year Update 2025 Demand
…which remained relatively resilient. For the second half of the year, we expect a modest recovery, and therefore anticipate overall coal demand in China to fall by 0.5% in 2025.Similarly, India experienced a 2.1% year-on-year drop in coal demand for power generation in the first half of the year. This was primarily due to an early onset of the monsoon season and a high baseline of consumption in 2024, which was marked by an intense heatwave. On the other hand, the Indian steel sector showed signs of strength, as overall industrial coal demand was e...
