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China’s Official Energy Finance in Emerging and Developing Economies Case 7. Palembang waste-to-energy plant
…In 2017, the government designated 12 priority cities for accelerated waste-to-energy (WTE) development, including Palembang, and introduced preferential feed-in tariffs and guaranteed waste-tipping fees to attract private investment. Despite this, only two WTE plants, Surabaya’s Benowo PLTSa and Surakarta’s Putri Cempo PLTSa, both on Java island, were operational before 2024, highlighting a significant gap between policy ambition and actual delivery.The Palembang Waste-to-Energy Project is the city’s first planned large-scale WTE facility and among Indonesia’s most advanced PPP-based WTE developments to date. Initiated by Zheneng Jinjiang Environment Holding…
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What Next for the Global Car Industry The importance of the growth in EV sales for the car industry
…differed. Chinese automakers and Tesla were particularly successful at quickly reaching economies of scale for electric cars. Before 2020, only 6 battery electric models had reached the production threshold of 50 000 units per year – 3 were Chinese models, 2 were Tesla models, and 1 was the Nissan Leaf.While incumbent original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) initially focused on nickel-based batteries because of their superior energy density, Chinese manufacturers succeeded in advancing lithium iron phosphate (LFP) chemistries, which rely less on critical minerals and are therefore cheaper. By 2024, all OEMs either sold or planned to sell cars with LFP batteries…
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Ramping up Heat Pumps in Moldova: A Roadmap A pathway for heat pumps
Heat pumps can strengthen Moldova’s energy security, independence, air pollution and emissions, and even improve energy affordability. Given the regional turmoil – notably in the energy sector – over the past three years and into early 2025, there is a compelling case for reducing natural gas consumption by deploying heat pumps. While Moldova is only beginning to realise its heat pump potential, this presents a significant opportunity to design the system effectively – by stimulating demand, expanding supply, financing the transition and establishing clear regulations. A comprehensive approach will help to ensure a steady and orderly deployment. The following table recommends specific…
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Sustainable Transport for Georgia: A Roadmap Sustainable transport roadmap
…drive legal and administrative reforms. This would send clear signals to businesses, research institutions and civil society – signals that will be needed to invest in and adopt clean technologies and meet EU accession requirements. But progress is hampered by limited capacity within authorities and insufficient technical expertise.Regulatory reform: Accelerating the shift to cleaner, more efficient systems requires reforming laws, regulations and fiscal policies that currently favour incumbents, despite the clear benefits of emerging energy technologies and transport systems – including high-quality public transport.Mobilising investments: Georgia faces limited access to public and private finance. Meeting investment needs requires attracting…
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Prospects for Natural Gas Certification Executive summary
…Since methane is the main component of natural gas, action to reduce methane emissions can also bring additional gas to market. More than 50 bcm of additional gas could be brought to markets by reducing methane leaks and flaring along natural gas supply chains.This report examines the current status of natural gas certification and related voluntary initiatives around the world. It highlights that existing voluntary schemes and reporting initiatives have shown the potential for natural gas certification to reduce emissions and improve energy security. However, it also notes that there are both overlaps and gaps in existing schemes that could…
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Coal 2025 Investments in coal projects and emissions abatement
New projects increase the capacity of the project pipeline Forthcoming export-oriented coal projects in our database have a total capacity of 493 Mtpa at the time of writing, 63 Mtpa higher than in our previous report. This increase in the project pipeline is due to improved research on Indonesia rather than more projects actually being developed. This report classifies projects as either more advanced or less advanced based on whether they have received the necessary approvals and permits in their respective countries. The capacity of less-advanced projects declined from 275 Mtpa to 210 Mtpa. Some projects failed to obtain environmental approvals due…
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- Demand
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Sustainable Transport for Georgia: A Roadmap Executive summary
Georgia is at a pivotal point in shaping sustainable transport policy. This roadmap guides policy makers in making transport cleaner, fairer and more efficient while building on Georgia’s strengths – its location, institutions, competitive wages, low-emissions electricity and natural resources. Key opportunities include assembling and producing electric vehicles; manufacturing cells and battery components for mobility and storage; strengthening regional freight links; and developing low-emission fuels.Road transport has become cleaner and more efficient, but progress needs to accelerate. Car ownership and freight activity have risen along with incomes, but this comes at a cost: Nearly all of Georgia…
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Sheltering From Oil Shocks Targeted consumer support to enhance energy affordability
Many governments around the world are reacting quickly to protect consumers from increasing fuel prices. In the days following the conflict in the Middle East, the IEA has tracked announcements from around 40 countries that are deploying or considering deploying emergency measures to shelter consumers from price increases. Immediate government responses have been to implement price caps, fuel subsidies and shifts in taxation, along with price stabilisation mechanisms that can quickly set limits on consumer price increases. Previous crises, including the Covid-19 pandemic and the 2022 energy crisis, demonstrated that impacts often fall disproportionately on the poorer segments of…
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Global Hydrogen Review 2026 Executive summary
The conflict in the Middle East has disrupted global production and trade of hydrogen-based products The Middle East is a major producer of hydrogen-based products, and the conflict has strongly impacted their production. The Middle East is home to around one-sixth of global hydrogen production, the majority dedicated to the production of chemicals, fertilisers and refined oil products. The region accounts for more than 10% of global refining capacity, ammonia and urea production, and close to 17% of methanol production. Several refineries and petrochemical plants have halted operations due to supply disruptions and the impossibility of exporting…
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Sustainable Transport Policy for Armenia: A Roadmap Executive summary
Georgia is at a pivotal point in shaping sustainable transport policy. This roadmap guides policy makers in making transport cleaner, fairer and more efficient while building on Georgia’s strengths – its location, institutions, competitive wages, low-emissions electricity and natural resources. Key opportunities include assembling and producing electric vehicles; manufacturing cells and battery components for mobility and storage; strengthening regional freight links; and developing low-emissions fuels.Road transport has become cleaner and more efficient, but progress needs to accelerate. Car ownership and freight activity have risen along with incomes, but this comes at a cost: Nearly all of Georgia…
