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Electricity Mid-Year Update 2025 Prices: Trends in wholesale markets differ across regions
Average wholesale electricity prices in the first half of 2025 rose year-on-year in various regions, including Europe, the United States and Japan, amid higher gas prices. By contrast, countries such as India and Australia saw lower wholesale prices compared to the previous year in the face of varying demand and generation trends, among other factors. At the same time, a number of markets continued to observe an increase in the occurrence of negative electricity prices. A detailed discussion of negative electricity prices and their drivers can be found in our Electricity 2025 report. Higher gas prices put upwards…
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Renewables 2025 Renewable electricity
…several European markets and Japan, resulting in undersubscribed auctions and project cancellations. As a result, we have revised the global offshore wind capacity forecast 27% downwards from last year.Hydropower growth from 2025 to 2030 is expected to be slightly higher than during 2019-2024, with more than 154 GW of new capacity coming online. Annual additions of pumped-storage hydropower (PSH) capacity is forecast to double to 16.5 GW by 2030, driven by the growing need for flexibility and long-term storage. China leads with over 60% of all worldwide PSH growth over the forecast period. PSH expansion is also…
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Global Methane Tracker 2026 Recent insights from methane emissions studies
…launching new devices, improving airborne instrumentation and calibration, and deploying tower, stationary and handheld detectors more widely. Overall, detection limits have been optimised, coverage has broadened and observation times have increased. Meanwhile, advances in data processing have enhanced both the speed and the quality of analysis.These advances yield better coverage and sharper insights into the sources and scale of methane emissions. They also confirm that effective methane management requires multi-scale measurement frameworks that combine space-based, airborne and ground-based data, explicitly account for "super-emitters” and rely on dynamic inventories that can be updated as new observations…
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Integrating Solar and Wind in Southeast Asia Executive summary
…wind, hydropower, geothermal and biomass – offering a significant opportunity to secure its energy future. With 20 terawatts of untapped variable renewable energy (VRE) - solar and wind - technical potential (roughly 55 times the region’s current total generation capacity), Southeast Asia is well positioned to meet surging demand whilst reducing dependence on fossil fuels. Solar and wind are now among the most cost-competitive sources of new electricity generation, with solar PV costs falling by 90% since 2010. Harnessing even a fraction of the available renewable resources would enhance energy independence, reduce import costs, and increase sustainability. The ASEAN Vision 2045…
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Coal Mid-Year Update 2025 Prices
In the last 12 months, all major coal price indices declined The global coal market has undergone a gradual normalisation since the peak of the 2022 energy crisis, when thermal coal prices soared above USD 400 per tonne across multiple benchmarks. This extraordinary price spike briefly saw thermal coal trading at a premium to coking coal.By 2023, as energy markets broadly recalibrated, coal prices began to ease. The traditional pricing hierarchy reasserted itself, with coking coal once again priced above thermal coal. This shift reflected a normalisation of market conditions, improving supply-demand balances. Notably, tight coking coal supply from…
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Global Critical Minerals Outlook 2025 Policy mechanisms for diversified mineral supplies
…that can mitigate some of the key price and volume uncertainties, including standards-based incentives and demand-side structures. Price stabilisation mechanisms such as contract-for-differences and cap-and-floor models can help stabilise costs for both mineral producers and off-takers without imposing excessive fiscal impacts. Volume guarantee mechanisms can support investment by providing greater demand certainty for new projects. Standards-based market access policies (or qualification approaches) are another option, enabling only minerals that meet certain sustainability or production criteria to qualify for accessing specific market segments, such as strategic reserves or public procurement channels Policy mechanisms…
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Colombia 2023 Executive summary
…the La Guajira region should help advance rural electrification and close the energy access gap. Concentrated in the northern regions, which has a 50 gigawatt (GW) offshore wind potential, renewables can also provide the clean energy needed to jump-start Colombia’s hydrogen production. Colombia’s geothermal development also enjoys substantial potential along the Pacific ring of fire.In 2023, work is under way on updating the National Energy Plan (PEN) towards 2050, in line with Colombia’s new National Development Plan 2022-2026 (PND) and energy and climate goals towards decarbonisation. The new PEN is an opportunity to build grea...
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Global Hydrogen Review 2026 Cost acceptability
Analysis of the costs of hydrogen in different end-uses enables identification of the maximum acceptable costs for hydrogen users, i.e. the maximum amount that can be spent on the hydrogen feedstock within a low-emissions pathway while maintaining the same total levelised cost of production as the incumbent pathway to produce the same commodity.This can enable policy makers and investors to identify sectors with both high maximum acceptable hydrogen costs and high potential volumes that can serve as lead markets for low-emissions hydrogen. Cost acceptability can be influenced by policies and depends on technologies, fuels and…
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Renewables 2025 Renewable transport
…aviation fuel consumption is expected to expand from 1 billion litres (0.04 EJ) in 2024 to 9 billion litres (0.31 EJ) in 2030, meeting 2% of total aviation fuel demand in the main case. Mandates in the European Union and United Kingdom, incentives in the United States and blending targets in Japan drive most of this growth. The forecast remains unchanged from last year, however, since few new policies have been implemented since our previous (October 2024) edition of this report. E-kerosene is forecast to account for only 5% of total SAF production in 2030, since only Europe...
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World Energy Investment 2025 Southeast Asia
In the past, Southeast Asia’s rapid economic growth was mostly driven by fossil fuels but clean energy now accounts for almost half of energy investment Southeast Asia is a rapidly developing region, with GDP per capita increasing by more than 30% since 2015. During the last ten years, energy demand has increased by over 35%, with electricity demand rising by more than 60%. Driving this is a 12% increase in electricity access rates, growing consumption in industry, urbanisation and rising incomes creating demand for cooling and other appliances. Historically, this rising energy demand has been met by fossil fuels…
