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IEA (2025), World Energy Investment 2025, IEA, Paris https://www.iea.org/reports/world-energy-investment-2025, Licence: CC BY 4.0
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Source, flows and destination of global energy-related investment spending
Most energy investment is supported by commercial finance and made by private sponsors, but the sources of finance vary widely by technology and region.
Today, 75% of the available finance for investment in the energy sector is commercial finance, but domestic and international public finance play important roles that vary widely across regions and sectors.
End-use includes incremental spending on new energy-efficient or low-emissions equipment in the buildings, transport and industrial sectors. “Domestic public finance” includes public equity in corporations and SOEs, subsidies, tax incentives and finance from central banks. “International public finance” includes development finance institutions (DFIs), multilateral climate funds (MCFs), government donors, philanthropies and official export credits directed to emerging market and developing economies offered under the OECD arrangement