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Northwest European Hydrogen Monitor 2025 Executive summary
…and long-term targets, is considered essential to provide the necessary impetus and guidance for the development of hydrogen markets.To date, the majority of the countries in Northwest Europe have adopted production targets for electrolytic hydrogen, while Norway has opted for a technology-neutral approach. In April 2025, France published a revised National Hydrogen Strategy. While recognising progress made in the hydrogen sector, the Strategy lowered the installed electrolyser capacity target for 2030 to 4.5 GW (from 6.5 GW previously) and added a 2035 target of 8 GW. In July 2024, Germany adopted its hydrogen import strategy, following the update…
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Ramping up Heat Pumps in Moldova: A Roadmap Heat pumps in Moldova
…to provide warm water to radiators. These are most common in countries that historically have gas-based hydronic heating systems, such as Germany, the Netherlands, Poland, the United Kingdom as well as parts of France and Italy.Heat pumps also use the ground as a heat source. These devices are called geothermal or ground-source heat pumps and require the drilling of deep holes or digging of trenches in the ground where piping is inserted. Bodies of water, such as lakes and rivers, also can be used as a heat source for heat pumps, as is increasingly the case of…
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Ramping up Heat Pumps in Moldova: A Roadmap Financing the transition
…its installation.The Boiler Upgrade Scheme in the United Kingdom is an example of the former. The programme offers GBP 7 500 to any homeowner who replaces their fossil fuel heating system with a heat pump. Germany has taken the latter approach, with a subsidy that covers up to 70% of the heat pump installation costs.Flat-rate subsidies also can be based on household income. This is the case in France, where a grant programme, MaPrimeRénov, subsidises low-income households significantly more than the highest earners. This has the advantage of prioritising funding for those with the least means to afford…
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Ramping up Heat Pumps in Moldova: A Roadmap Regulating the sector
…to which Moldova prioritises heat pumps in building retrofits. Appliance standards and restrictions Standards for space heating appliances define the types of equipment that can be sold, setting minimum performance and environmental criteria. These standards have been in place in many European countries since the 1990s. By limiting inefficient systems, they play a crucial role in advancing Europe’s energy transition.Several countries have gone further by introducing stringent requirements for heating systems. Since 2022, new buildings in France can no longer be fitted with oil or gas heating systems, while Germany mandates that at least 65% of energy used...
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Electricity Mid-Year Update 2025 Supply: Renewables grow the most, followed by gas and nuclear
…is fuelled by restarts in Japan, commissioning of new reactors in China, India, Korea and other countries, along with robust output in the United States and France. We forecast global nuclear generation to grow on average close to 2% over the period 2025-2026.Global gas-fired generation is expected to increase by 1.3% in 2025 and reach a new high, following growth of 1.9% in 2024. The gains in 2025 are driven by continued oil-to-gas switch in the Middle East and sustained growth in gas-fired generation in Asia. While higher gas prices supported an…
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Electricity Mid-Year Update 2025 Prices: Trends in wholesale markets differ across regions
…To meet demand, Germany had to rely more on gas- and coal-fired power generation, which put upward pressure on power prices. German futures contracts for 2026 indicate a similar price level to 2025. The premium over French prices remains, reaching an average USD 30-40/MWh during the summer period.In France, average wholesale electricity prices rose around 45% y-o-y in H1 2025 to USD 73/MWh. A colder winter contrasted with comparatively mild conditions in 2024, which led to higher heating use, raising electricity demand. While hydropower declined in the first six months of 2025 following a strong…
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Renewables 2025 Biogases
…EU production). Biomethane production is on the rise in most European countries, with Germany (29% of EU production), France, Italy, Denmark and the Netherlands collectively accounting for 93% of EU production. The United Kingdom is also significant, with production equivalent to an additional 23% of the EU total.Several countries are working on their regulations to attract further investment. France’s new blending mandate for biomethane grid injection will be in force in 2026, while the Netherlands is developing one. Ireland has set a national blending mandate for heating.Use in the transport sector continues to grow, especially where targets…
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Australia - France Strategic Dialogue on Critical Minerals
First announced at the inaugural Australia-France Foreign and Defence (2+2) Ministerial Consultations in 2021, France and Australia have established a bilateral Critical Minerals Dialogue aimed at building secure, reliable and sustainable supply chains for critical minerals. In September 2023, on the sidelines of the IEA's Critical Minerals and Clean Energy Summit, Ministers from both countries signed an agreement to futher the Critical Minerals Dialogue andlaunch a joint study into critical minerals supply chains, identifying the specific needs of both countries in relation to batteries and rare earth magnets which are needed for clean energy technology, as well…
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Australia - France Strategic Dialogue on Critical Minerals
First announced at the inaugural Australia-France Foreign and Defence (2+2) Ministerial Consultations in 2021, France and Australia have established a bilateral Critical Minerals Dialogue aimed at building secure, reliable and sustainable supply chains for critical minerals. In September 2023, on the sidelines of the IEA's Critical Minerals and Clean Energy Summit, Ministers from both countries signed an agreement to futher the Critical Minerals Dialogue andlaunch a joint study into critical minerals supply chains, identifying the specific needs of both countries in relation to batteries and rare earth magnets which are needed for clean energy technology, as well…
