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France
France has a very low-carbon electricity mix owing to its large nuclear fleet, the second-largest after the United States. As an early leader in setting out an ambitious energy transition, France legislated a net zero emissions target for 2050 in its 2019 Energy and Climate Act and aims at reducing by 55% its greenhouse gas emissions by 2030. A national low-carbon strategy with 5-year carbon budgets and a multiannual plan for energy investments implement the long-term target.
Acknowledging the need to maintain electricity security in the longer term and a low-carbon footprint France invests…- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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+ 5 pages
![France Flag]()
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France d'Agrain
Former Energy Analyst.
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France 2026 International collaborations - G7
IEA contributions to the G7 In 2026, France holds the Presidency of the Group of Seven (G7), with a focus on addressing global imbalances and creating mutually beneficial partnerships. France’s cross-cutting G7 priorities as announced by President Emmanuel Macron include: Resolving major geopolitical crises Strengthening the resilience of critical mineral value chains Fighting against organized crime and illicit flows Establishing new rules for global ...
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Nuclear Power
…new era for nuclear energy beckons as projects, policies and investments increase
As the world’s second-largest source of low-emissions electricity after hydropower, nuclear power today produces just under 10% of global electricity supply. Now, fresh momentum around the world has the potential to open a new era for nuclear energy.
Power generation from the global fleet of nearly 420 active nuclear reactors is set to reach a record high in 2025 as Japan restarts production, maintenance works are completed in France, and new reactors begin commercial operations in various markets, including China, Europe, India and Korea. Meanwhile…
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Northwest European Hydrogen Monitor 2025
…emissions hydrogen markets also necessitates a regional approach that maximises existing synergies among national markets. This is the third edition of the Northwest European Hydrogen Monitor. It provides an annual update of low-emissions hydrogen market developments in Northwest Europe and is the result of collaboration among the countries involved in the Hydrogen Initiative of the Clean Energy Ministerial (CEM-H2I) workstream entitled “Roundtable on the North-West European Region” and the hydrogen working group of the Pentalateral Forum.The countries analysed in this Monitor are Austria, Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Luxemburg, the Netherlands, Norway, Switzerland and the United Kingdom…
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Land-Use Competition between Biodiversity and Net Zero Goals
…points Achieving global energy, climate and biodiversity conservation targets simultaneously has significant implications for land use. At the 28th United Nations Climate Change conference (COP28) in 2023, nearly 200 countries set a target to triple renewable energy capacity by 2030. Based on an assessment by the International Energy Agency (IEA), tripling the capacity of renewables globally requires allocating up to an additional 600 000 km² of land – an area the size of France – to utility-scale solar PV and onshore wind power by 2030, and 2 million km² by 2050. In parallel, the IEA estimates that demand for key energy transition minerals – cobalt, copper, graphite…
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From farms to fuel: Ukraine’s biomethane opportunity for energy security and European decarbonisation
…be used for local production of electricity and heat. Additionally, the ongoing conflict in the Middle East continues to drive imported natural gas price volatility. In this context, countries with support schemes based on biomethane tariffs and premiums, such as France, Denmark or Italy, have been relatively successful in shielding biomethane prices from recent spikes in natural gas, including during the 2022 energy crisis.Expanding biomethane production can contribute to improving energy supply resilience during the ongoing war while supporting the transition to a more diversified and sustainable energy system over the longer term. Realising Ukraine's biomethane potential, however…
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India’s electricity demand grows at night: Managing rising cooling demand
…with peak demand reaching 270 gigawatts (GW) on 21 May. For comparison, in 2019, peak power demand reached around 180 GW – meaning that the increase over the past seven years alone is more than France’s peak power demand today. And while India’s summer peak is typically reached during the day, demand rises sharply again at night as people turn on air conditioners. Nighttime cooling needs are growing as temperatures and air conditioning use rise Climate change and the local warming effects of concrete and asphalt in cities (or what is known as the urban heat island effect) are…
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Delivering on the EU’s electrification ambitions
…as the United States and Australia. By contrast, comparable advanced economies with more limited domestic fossil fuel supplies – notably Japan and Korea – have reached electrification rates well above 30%. Electrification in every sector Achieving 32% electrification would increase EU electricity consumption by around 600 Terawatt-hours (TWh), roughly equivalent to the combined annual electricity consumption of France and Spain. This additional demand would be distributed roughly evenly across industry, buildings and transport. Meeting the 32% economy-wide target would see the electrification rate in industry rise from 32% today to around 40% by 2030. Half of the electricity demand growth…
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Global Hydrogen Review 2025 Policies
…allocation, tax incentives and reduced administrative procedures remain more common among emerging markets. The supply side still receives more support, equal to USD 1.5 for every USD 1 targeting demand.Publication of new hydrogen strategies slowed down, with five new strategies since GHR-24. Some strategies were updated, such as in France, which reduced its electrolyser target to 4.5 GW by 2030 (from 6.5 GW), whereas Spain tripled its target to 12 GW by 2030. Chile and the European Union missed their electrolyser targets for 2024 and 2025, respectively.Progress was made on the demand side, but it is still trailing supply. 112 demand…
