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Renewables in District Energy Regional trends in district heating
Regional trends in district heating
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Renewables 2025 Renewable transport
…renewable hydrogen and hydrogen-based fuels, with activity concentrated in the United States and Europe. Globally, EVs are expected to account for more than 15% of the vehicle stock by 2030, with renewable electricity meeting more than half of electricity demand in key markets. In China, EVs represent more than one-third of cars on the road by 2030 as vehicle costs decline and charging infrastructure continues to be enhanced. At the same time, renewable electricity is expected to make up over half of China’s total power generation.The forecast for the use of low-emissions hydrogen and hydrogen…
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World Energy Investment 2025 Eurasia
…but has since followed a downward trend, reaching its lowest point in the past decade, around USD 135 billion, in 2022. Declining costs for oil and gas supply partly explain this trend, but it has been exacerbated by the decline in Russian spending after its full-scale invasion of Ukraine and the loss of most of its European export markets. However, investment has picked up in other markets, notably in Kazakhstan with the launch of the USD 48 billion expansion of the Tengiz oilfield, Central Asia’s largest oilfield, which is operated by Tengizchevroil. Investment in 2025 reaches a level similar to that of…
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Sheltering From Oil Shocks Air transport fuels
Jet fuel demand accounts for around 7% of global oil demand. Jet fuel markets look to be particularly vulnerable to an extended loss of Middle East production and exports, given limited flexibility elsewhere to increase output. 8. Avoid air travel where alternative options exist Description: Travel for work accounts for a large share (between 20% and 40%) of aviation activity. In many cases, travel for work can be temporarily substituted by virtual meetings. A reduction of around 40% of flights taken for work purposes is feasible in the short term, while maintaining productivity.Impact: Very high voluntary participation to work…
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Global Hydrogen Review 2025 Executive summary
…sector continues to grow despite persistent barriers and project cancellations Global hydrogen demand increased to almost 100 million tonnes (Mt) in 2024, up 2% from 2023 and in line with overall energy demand growth. This rise was driven by greater use in sectors that have traditionally consumed hydrogen, like oil refining and industry. Demand from new applications accounted for less than 1% of the total and was almost entirely concentrated in biofuels production. The supply of hydrogen continued to be dominated by fossil fuels, using 290 billion cubic metres (bcm) of natural gas and 90 million tonnes of coal equivalent (Mtce) in 2024…
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Coal Mid-Year Update 2025 Overview
…terawatt hours (TWh) in 2024. Demand for metallurgical coal for iron and steel production, the largest source of non-power-related coal consumption, has been more stable. In 2024, metallurgical coal use decreased by 0.8%.China plays a unique role in global coal markets. It accounts for 56% of global coal consumption – almost 30% more than the rest of the world combined. One of every three tonnes of coal consumed globally is used in Chinese power plants, making China and its power sector the largest single driver of global coal demand. In 2025, global coal demand is set to…
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The Future of Electricity in the Middle East and North Africa Executive summary
A cornerstone of global energy supply and, increasingly, demand The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region is at a pivotal moment in its energy journey. The region has long been a cornerstone of the global energy system. In 2024, it supplied over 30% of the world’s oil and nearly 20% of its natural gas. At the same time, it is emerging as a major centre of electricity demand growth, driven by a rapidly expanding population, urbanisation, rising living standards, and accelerating climate pressures. Between 2000 and 2024, electricity demand tripled – increasing by more than 1 000 terawatt-hours (TWh…
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World Energy Outlook 2025 Setting the scene
…defined outcomes. The Net Zero Emissions by 2050 (NZE) Scenario maps out an updated global pathway for the energy sector to achieve net zero CO2 emissions by 2050. An additional scenario, the Accelerating Clean Cooking and Electricity Services Scenario (ACCESS), is introduced in this WEO, setting out a data-driven roadmap to achieve universal access to electricity and clean cooking. Global energy demand and emissions continue to grow Global demand has grown by nearly 60% since 2000, with all the increase coming in emerging market and developing economies. All major energy sources grew over the period. Energy technology d...
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Pledges to Progress 2025 Recommendations
…from oil and gas production, the degree of cost-effectiveness in pursuing reductions, and the uptake among industry, investors and others suggest that all stakeholders are well aware of the opportunity for climate mitigation and operational efficiency.In many cases, large improvements in company scores could be achieved with better reporting and increased transparency, especially since companies are likely to be doing more than they are disclosing. This would also provide assurances to external stakeholders that the industry is turning its public pledges into action. Specific actions where improvements could make meaningful differences include:Encourage companies to sign the Oil…
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Global Critical Minerals Outlook 2025 Policy mechanisms for diversified mineral supplies
…These cost pressures, combined with ongoing price volatility and economic uncertainty, have constrained the growth of alternative supply sources. Well-designed market-based mechanisms can accelerate diversification without requiring unsustainable public support While public financial support is essential to unlock near-term investment, particularly for early-stage or high-risk projects, it is important to build a lasting market for more diversified supply chains through rule-based market mechanisms. Attention is therefore increasingly turning to mechanisms that can mitigate some of the key price and volume uncertainties, including standards-based incentives and demand-side structures. Price stabilisation mechanisms such as…
