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Global Energy Review 2025 Global trends
…and the increasing electrification of end-uses. In all, the power sector made up three-fifths of the total increase in global energy demand. Renewables accounted for the largest share of the growth in total energy supply (38%), followed by natural gas (28%), coal (15%), oil (11%) and nuclear (8%). The energy intensity of the global economy improved by a mere 1%, continuing the slowdown seen in recent years. The rise in energy-related CO2 emissions slowed to 0.8%, compared with 1.2% in 2023. The global economy saw moderate growth in 2024 After the upheaval of the…
- Key findings
- Global trends
- Oil
- Natural gas
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Global Methane Tracker 2025 Understanding methane emissions
…for around 145 Mt of methane emissions in 2024 – more than 35% of the total amount attributable to human activity. Oil operations were responsible for around 45 Mt, natural gas operations for nearly 35 Mt, and abandoned wells for around 3 Mt. An additional 2 Mt of methane leaked from end-use equipment. Coal accounted for more than 40 Mt, including over 4 Mt from abandoned mines, plus around 1 Mt from end-use equipment. Around 18 Mt came from the incomplete combustion of bioenergy, mostly from the traditional use of biomass, and another 2 Mt from modern bioenergy production…
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Global Methane Tracker 2025 Policies
…implementation is still lacking: detailed methane policies and regulations would cut emissions by only around 25% by 2030. Commitments to cut methane emissions from the coal sector are more limited, with an even larger implementation gap. High-level pledges would lead to a 30% reduction in coal mine methane emissions by 2030, while policies and regulations currently in place would only lower emissions by just under 15% by 2030. Recent changes in methane policies and regulations A number of countries have recently introduced new measures on methane emissions:Canada issued draft regulations to establish a national cap-and-trade system…
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Outlook for Biogas and Biomethane Biogas and biomethane outlook to 2050
…the form of compressed or liquefied biomethane, but nevertheless plays a role in fuel switching. In emerging market and developing economies (EMDEs), fuel switching from oil accounts for roughly 40% of biomethane demand growth to 2035, followed by coal displacement in the power sector (33%) and natural gas displacement in buildings (9%). Geographies of demand change significantly in both the STEPS and APS. While Europe and North America currently make up just under 60% of demand for biogases, EMDEs constitute the new majority by 2035 in the STEPs. This is driven by China, which accounts for 40% of the…
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Electricity Mid-Year Update 2025 Executive summary
…still not been observed as of the first half of 2025. The first half of 2025 showed contrasting trends across regions in thermal generation In the first half of 2025, while coal-fired generation declined year-on-year in China and India, it increased in the United States and the European Union. The declines in China and India were due to more moderate demand growth compared with the same period in 2024 and strong expansion in output from renewables. By contrast, in the United States, both renewable generation and coal-fired output rose strongly, with the latter boosted by gas-...
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Electricity Mid-Year Update 2025 Prices: Trends in wholesale markets differ across regions
…prices in H1 2025 (+37%), with average prices slightly below USD 100/MWh. In addition to the higher gas prices compared to 2024, the significant reduction in wind power generation due to less favourable weather conditions also contributed to the price rise. To meet demand, Germany had to rely more on gas- and coal-fired power generation, which put upward pressure on power prices. German futures contracts for 2026 indicate a similar price level to 2025. The premium over French prices remains, reaching an average USD 30-40/MWh during the summer period.In France, average wholesale electricity prices rose around 45%…
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World Energy Outlook 2025 Executive summary
…world remains thirsty for energy. New technologies are entering the system at speed, and renewables set new records for deployment in 2024 for the 23rd consecutive year. Oil, natural gas and coal consumption, and nuclear output, all reached record highs as well. Driven mainly by China, since 2019 demand for coal has grown 50% faster than the next fastest growing fossil fuel, natural gas, a key reason why energy-related emissions have continued to grow.There is no single storyline about the future of energy, which is why the World Energy Outlook presents multiple scenarios, none of which is a…
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World Energy Outlook 2025 Current Policies Scenario
…strongest growth in India and Indonesia, but the push for a much more electrified energy system does not gain broad momentum in the CPS. Solar photovoltaics (PV) and wind are cost competitive in many regions, but deployment faces integration challenges that slow further growth: annual solar PV capacity additions average 540 gigawatts to 2035, similar to the level in 2024. Coal remains the largest single source of global power generation for the next ten years. Construction of new nuclear facilities accelerates in the 2030s. Global electricity grids increase by 25 million kilometres (km), a 30% increase, to 2035, and by a further 40 million km to…
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World Energy Outlook 2025 Stated Policies Scenario
…Natural gas demand increases nearly 1% annually to 2035, supported by abundant supply and major liquefied natural gas (LNG) expansions in the United States and Qatar, then levels off. Coal demand peaks before 2030 as declines in China outweigh increases in India and Southeast Asia. From the 2030s, renewables in aggregate meet all additional global energy demand as they provide increasing amounts of generation in a rapidly expanding power sector. The renewables share in electricity generation rises from one-third today to over half by 2035 and two-thirds by 2050, led by solar and wind power with support from…
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World Energy Outlook 2025 Regional insights
…than advanced economies. However, the picture is a dynamic one: many countries are undergoing rapid urbanisation, building infrastructure, making swift progress on access to modern energy, and seeing their economies and their demand for energy grow strongly. Energy security is a key determinant of energy policies. While energy security is a broad term that includes affordability and supply chain resilience, an often cited metric is import dependence on fuels, notably oil, natural gas and coal. Several large economies are net importers of energy. These include Japan, Korea, European Union, India and China. Others, notably the Middle East, Eurasia, Africa and…