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Ramping up Heat Pumps in Moldova: A Roadmap Heat pumps in Moldova
…different heat pump types and potential applications, then dives into the benefits of heat pumps in terms of energy efficiency, energy security, greenhouse gas emissions, economic development and EU accession. The chapter then discusses the status of heat pumps in Moldova and their potential, addressing the applications for which they are most suited in the Moldovan context. Heat pump applications Heat pumps have been widely recognised as a key technology for decarbonising heating in buildings, industry and district heating systems. Global and European scenarios, from the International Energy Agency to the European Commission, acknowledge their key role in transitioning from…
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World Energy Outlook 2025 Executive summary
…system and uncertainties over the outlook for trade, but energy trade is more important than ever. Abundant supplies of oil, solar panels, batteries and, before long, liquefied natural gas (LNG) create strong incentives for producers to seek out international markets.There is less momentum than before behind national and international efforts to reduce emissions, yet climate risks are rising. 2024 was the hottest year on record and the first in which global temperatures exceeded 1.5 degrees Celsius (°C) above pre-industrial levels. At the same time, the world remains thirsty for energy. New technologies are entering the system at…
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Electricity Mid-Year Update 2025 Supply: Renewables grow the most, followed by gas and nuclear
As highlighted in our annual Electricity 2025 report, low-emissions energy sources are reaching new milestones globally in our forecast period. Renewables are poised to surpass coal-fired generation, depending on weather trends and economic developments, either as early as 2025 or in 2026. As a result, coal’s share in total generation is set to drop below 33% for the first time in the last 100 years.Solar PV and wind energy are key drivers of this trend, with their combined share in global electricity generation expected to rise from 15% in 2024 to 17% in 2025 and to above…
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Sheltering From Oil Shocks Cooking fuels
LPG demand accounts for around 10% of global oil demand and is used by many households for cooking. The conflict has caused major disruptions to LPG supply chains. With natural gas processing operations halted in parts of the region and flows through the Strait of Hormuz having come to a standstill, LPG supplies for cooking use have been severely curtailed, both locally and at export destinations. Next to measures to free up LPG capacity from other uses, such as in transport or industry, to prioritise domestic use, there are also actions to directly reduce cooking fuel demand. 9. Where possible…
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Breakthrough Agenda Report 2025 Cement and concrete
State of the transition Emissions Total CO2 emissions are higher today than in 2015. Reductions in recent years have come from declines in global production, while direct CO2 emissions intensity remains unchanged.Both need to fall in the coming years to get on track for net zero by 2050, with contributions from improved material efficiency, greater use of alternative fuels and supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs), and CCS. Cost Production costs for early commercial plants for near-zero emissions cement using CCS are estimated to be 75-150% higher than today’s conventional plants, varying by region.This cost premium will…
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- Power
- Hydrogen
- Road transport
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Korea 2025 Executive summary
…expanding renewable energy technologies.Addressing Korea’s challenges will require sustained policy efforts, domestic and international co-operation, and technological innovation. In 2021, the Framework Act on Carbon Neutrality and Green Growth for Coping with Climate Crisis (Carbon Neutrality Act) enshrined the country’s 2050 net zero target into law alongside interim 2030 GHG reduction targets and sector-specific measures. A Presidential Commission on Carbon Neutrality and Green Growth acts as a climate policy council, advises the government on targets and policies, and reviews progress on mitigation and adaptation each year. In 2022, the government placed an emphasis on energy security…
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Global Methane Tracker 2026 Strategies to speed action
…for several reasons. Companies may underestimate of the scale of the problem or be unaware of the available solutions. Capital is often steered toward higher-profile projects, while corporate leaders may overstate the costs of cutting methane. Incentives can also be misaligned: equipment owners do not always benefit from fixing methane leaks, contracts may blunt the impact of savings on revenues, and those who own the gas may not recognise its full value. Upfront investment can be hard to secure, especially in developing economies. Companies may lack the needed staff or specialised services to tackle the problem. And in some…
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Universal Access to Clean Cooking in Africa Outlook for clean cooking in Africa
Off the back burner? Based on today’s policies, investment and market trends, only three African countries are set to reach universal clean cooking access by mid-century. Sub-Saharan Africa could achieve universal coverage by 2040, if countries were to replicate the best historical rates of progress seen in similar countries around the world – a pathway explored in the new Accelerating Clean Cooking and Electricity Services Scenario (ACCESS). It will require 80 million people to gain access annually, or a 4.7 percentage point improvement in access rates each year, comparable to rates of progress seen in Indonesia, Cambodia…
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Indicators Handbook for Just and Inclusive Energy Transitions Key findings from workshops on challenges and opportunities for tracking progress on just and inclusive energy transitions
…aspirations, opportunities and the impacts of policies on daily life, including unanticipated consequences. Elevating the role of qualitative evidence with real voices on the ground can also successfully support adjustments and course corrections in the policy implementation process. Tracking data at different points in time is important to effectively measure and evaluate just transition outcomes. The social impacts of clean energy transitions (e.g. improvements in health or reductions in socio-economic inequalities) can take longer to be observed than technical indicators like CO₂ emissions. Indicators are therefore essential at different time scales, including medium-term indicators that bridge the…
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Sustainable Transport for Georgia: A Roadmap Executive summary
Georgia is at a pivotal point in shaping sustainable transport policy. This roadmap guides policy makers in making transport cleaner, fairer and more efficient while building on Georgia’s strengths – its location, institutions, competitive wages, low-emissions electricity and natural resources. Key opportunities include assembling and producing electric vehicles; manufacturing cells and battery components for mobility and storage; strengthening regional freight links; and developing low-emission fuels.Road transport has become cleaner and more efficient, but progress needs to accelerate. Car ownership and freight activity have risen along with incomes, but this comes at a cost: Nearly all of Georgia…
