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Ukraine’s Energy Security As Ukraine heads into another heating season, six measures can help improve energy security
Air defence remains the best method to protect Ukraine’s critical energy and civilian infrastructure. However, there are other steps that can be taken to increase Ukraine’s energy security ahead of and during the coming winter. The IEA proposes six key actions for Ukraine and its partners to help address ongoing energy security challenges. Action 1: Boost protections for critical energy infrastructure and continue improving equipment supply chains Strengthening the security of critical energy infrastructure across Ukraine is vital to maintaining capacity this winter. A multilayered defence strategy, whereby air defence is combined with passive defence measures, can serve…
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World Energy Outlook 2025 Current Policies Scenario
Expanding the world we know Total final consumption rises in the Current Policies Scenario (CPS) by around 1.3% each year over the next decade, similar to the average annual increase over the last decade: global industrial output, appliance ownership and demands for mobility all increase, while energy efficiency gains are modest. Demand for oil rises to 113 million barrels per day by 2050, mainly due to its increased use in emerging market and developing economies for road transport, petrochemical feedstocks, and aviation. Electric vehicle (EV) uptake stalls in regions lacking strong policy support: China and Europe are the main exceptions…
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Coal 2025 Trade
International coal trade is set to decline in 2025 International coal trade grew by 3% in 2024, reaching a new record of 1 544 Mt. This growth was driven by increases in both thermal coal (up 26 Mt to 1 176 Mt) and met coal (up 21 Mt to 368 Mt). Coal trade accounted for approximately 18% of global coal demand, with thermal coal making up more than three-quarters of total traded volumes. Seaborne trade continued to dominate, representing over 90% of global coal trade in 2024.The Asia Pacific region further strengthened its dominance, accounting for 85% of global coal imports in 2024. China led…
- Executive summary
- Demand
- Supply
- Trade
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+ 2 pages
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Marta Silva
Former Energy Data Officer.
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Sustainable Transport Policy for Armenia: A Roadmap Sustainable transport in Armenia
The Republic of Armenia (hereafter “Armenia”) is a landlocked country in the southern Caucasus region between the Black and Caspian Seas. It is bordered by the Republic of Türkiye (hereafter “Türkiye”) to the west, Georgia to the north, Azerbaijan to the east and Iran to the south. The country spans an area of around 29 800 km2 with a population of just over 3 million. Yerevan, the capital, is the largest city with approximately 1 million inhabitants.Armenia’s economy has undergone numerous reforms since the economic crisis of the early to mid-1990s. It has transitioned from a Soviet…
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Global Methane Tracker 2026 Policy trends
Existing policies and regulations would cut energy sector emissions by 25% by 2035 – far short of high-level goals National ambitions to lower emissions have grown significantly in recent years, with many new countries signing onto methane commitments. High-level methane pledges now cover around 80% of global fossil fuel production, up from around 50% in 2021. This includes the Global Methane Pledge (GMP), which today includes more than 150 countries and covers more than 50% of emissions from human activity worldwide. Launched in 2021 at the 26th United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP26), the GMP commits participating countries to…
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Energy Technology Perspectives 2026 Supply chain risks and industrial competitiveness
Supply chain risks Supply chain security remains a challenge: Clean energy technology manufacturing is highly geographically concentrated, with China as the main supplier in most supply chain stages. China accounts for around 85% of solar and 80% of lithium-ion battery supply chain production capacity, and even higher shares for PV wafers (95%) and anode materials (97%). Cybersecurity considerations further enhance the importance of addressing security of supply. An “N-1” assessment, which models the impact of losing the largest exporter in each supply chain, shows that for the final downstream stages of most of the four technologies examined – solar…
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Teo Lombardo
Transport Modeller.
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Ursula von der Leyen
President.
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Energy Management for Industry Executive summary
Energy management programmes help achieve efficiency targets and meet policy objectives Recent global upheavals and uncertainties are putting increasing pressure on businesses around the world. This is prompting governments to look more and more to energy efficiency to promote industrial competitiveness, increase resilience of businesses, protect jobs, reduce strain on grids, and enhance energy security. Providing government-led energy management programmes or policy packages for industry is one of the quickest and most cost-effective ways of ensuring fast and continual energy efficiency implementation. By encouraging and supporting companies to adopt energy management, governments can help ensure energy demand reductions…
