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Wired for water: How electrification is transforming desalination
…of consumption. As the global population grew by 30%, municipal withdrawals increased at a similar pace, while a moderate decline in industrial withdrawals partly offset growth in other sectors.As population and municipal demand increase, water stress is intensifying. Chronic overuse of non-renewable water sources can cause irreversible to damage natural capital, leading to a situation referred to as “water bankruptcy”. Over the past two decades, the number of people living in highly water-stressed areas has risen by almost 1 billion to more than 3 billion. Three-quarters of this growth occurred in extremely high-stress regions, areas…
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Ensuring a Strong Labour Dimension for Just and Inclusive Energy Transitions Just and Inclusive Energy Transitions
…the ILO Just Transition Guidelines at the 111th International Labour Conference in 2023. The IEA Clean Energy Labour Council presents this paper in order to highlight the importance of a strong labour dimension in clean energy transitions, and to ensure that the transitions are fair, inclusive, and people-centred. The IEA Clean Energy Labour Council shares these policy considerations with international policy makers as well as the G20 and COP30 Presidencies. Clean Energy Transitions: the role of energy workers Workers are at the heart of the energy system, with around 67.5 million people working in the sector in 2023 and an…
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Chile
Chile’s energy policy has evolved dynamically in recent years. In response to changes in the domestic and international environment, significant institutional and policy reforms as well as major infrastructure projects have been carried out. In 2022, Chile’s Ministry of Energy published an update to its the Long-Term Energy Policy (PELP, first published in 2015), which re-emphasises the pledge to net-zero, laying out a clear decarbonisation pathway that addresses all sectors of the national economy.
Based on its excellent renewable energy resources, Chile has taken a globally leading role in clean energy, and emerged as a…- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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+ 5 pages
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Gas Market Lessons from the 2022-2023 Energy Crisis Introduction
…or that can be achieved through collective action across the wider gas market. While gas dependency can be reduced by accelerating the deployment of renewable power generation technologies and electrification of end-uses, the focus of this report is on gas markets. In conjunction with countries’ long-term energy and decarbonisation objectives, these lessons will be key in enhancing preparedness for future gas market crises.The first lesson is that the global gas market has entered a structurally (and geopolitically) more fragile environment following the 2022-2023 supply shock. Despite fast reorganisation of available liquefied natural gas (LNG) volumes in…
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Renewables 2025 Executive summary
Renewables’ global growth, driven by solar PV, remains strong amid rising headwinds Global renewable power capacity is expected to double between now and 2030, increasing by 4 600 gigawatts (GW). This is roughly the equivalent of adding China, the European Union and Japan’s power generation capacity combined to the global energy mix. Solar PV accounts for almost 80% of the global increase, followed by wind, hydropower, bioenergy and geothermal. In more than 80% of countries worldwide, renewable power capacity is set to grow faster between 2025 and 2030 than it did over the previous five-year period. However, challenges including…
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Energy Efficiency 2025 Executive summary
…of stronger progress compared to their average since 2019. For example, energy intensity progress in 2025 is estimated to be over 3% in the People’s Republic of China (hereafter “China”) and over 4% in India, well above their averages in the years since 2019. In the United States and the European Union (EU), on the other hand, progress in 2025 is set to fall to under 1% after several years of stronger performance following the energy crisis.The world remains off track to achieve its COP28 ambition for 2030. In 2023, nearly 200 governments agreed at COP28 in Dubai…
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Tajikistan
Hydropower is the main source of energy in Tajikistan, followed by imported oil, gas and coal. However, Tajikistan's energy sector is prone to supply shocks, due to seasonal shortages. Energy policy focuses on providing uninterrupted energy access to all users while improving regional co‑operation and energy sector efficiency, but significant domestic and foreign investment will be necessary for continued energy sector development. Tajikistan is part of the EU4Energy Programme, an initiative focused on evidence-based policymaking for the energy sector.
- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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+ 5 pages
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Global Energy Review 2026 Global trends
…earlier (2.7%). Sharp growth in renewables in electricity generation in China helped to push down coal consumption, with the knock-on effect of improving primary energy intensity.The United States saw a notable acceleration in its energy demand growth, with demand increasing by more than 2% in 2025. This represents the second fastest increase since 2000, excluding years in which the US economy was rebounding from a recession. The United States accounted for nearly one-quarter of global energy demand growth. Part of this acceleration was due to gas-to-coal switching in electricity generation, but a harsh winter…
- Key findings
- Global trends
- Oil
- Natural gas
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Electricity Mid-Year Update 2025 Demand: Global electricity use to grow strongly in 2025 and 2026
…strong demand increases from industries, air conditioning (AC) and data centres, as well as significant strides in electrification, are expected to support growth in electricity use through 2026. Electricity demand is set to rise more than twice as fast as total energy demand over the forecast period. Overall, global electricity consumption will reach a new high of over 29 000 terawatt-hours (TWh) in 2026.Following strong surges in electricity demand in 2024 driven by intense heatwaves and strong economic activity in the industrial and services sectors, the People’s Republic of China (hereafter, “China”) and India are expected to see…
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Global Hydrogen Review 2024 Progress summary dashboard
Note: 2024e = Estimated based on announced projects. FID = Final Investment Decision.
