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Global Hydrogen Review 2026 Trade and infrastructure
Trade remains a key driver of low-emissions hydrogen projects, and would underpin over 40% of announced volumes by 2030 if all projects materialise. Less than 8% of this, around 1 Mtpa H₂-eq (hydrogen equivalent), comes from projects that are operational, in construction, or have committed investments, compared with around 16% across the overall project pipeline.First shipments of low-emissions hydrogen are taking place, enabling trials of logistics and certification approaches. Long-term bilateral contracts dominate, particularly for ammonia and ammonia-derived fertilisers, while hot briquetted iron (HBI) is gaining prominence.Announced hydrogen pipeline projects, including new and repurposed natural…
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Gas Market Lessons from the 2022-2023 Energy Crisis Policy response to the crisis
…the continent’s resilience in managing the 2022-2023 gas supply shock, providing predictability in market functioning, as well as a structure on which to implement further policy tools. Furthermore, the EU regulation setting up a system of crisis management and information exchange around security of gas supply as early as 2017 meant that dedicated communication channels were largely operational by the start of the 2022-2023 crisis.Most crisis-driven intervention, regulation and policies reinforced foundational strengths of the EU gas market, protecting ease of market access, barrier-free trading and gas-on-gas competition through diversification of supply…
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Global Methane Tracker 2025 Key findings
…nearly 3 million barrels per day of oil and 130 billion cubic metres of natural gas). Many actors have set targets for lowering methane emissions by 2030, and momentum to drive down methane emissions has grown since the launch of the Global Methane Pledge in 2021 and the Oil and Gas Decarbonization Charter in 2023. Yet so far, few countries or companies have formulated real implementation plans for these commitments, and even fewer have demonstrated verifiable emissions reductions. Methane emissions are widely underreported Little or no measurement-based data is used to report methane emissions in most parts of the…
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Coal Mid-Year Update 2025 Supply
…In 2025, we expect global coal production to rise slightly to 9.2 Bt, setting a new record. This increase is once again led by China and India, with China’s output growing by 6% year-on-year during the first six months of the year. However, the same period in 2024 marked a low base due to the production cuts in Shanxi. The province is expected to regain its position as China’s top coal-producing region in 2025. As a result, output for the full year is expected to rise by 3%, reaching 4.8 Bt. That said, the…
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Renewables in District Energy Regional trends in district heating
Regional trends in district heating
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Renewables 2025 Renewable transport
…renewable hydrogen and hydrogen-based fuels, with activity concentrated in the United States and Europe. Globally, EVs are expected to account for more than 15% of the vehicle stock by 2030, with renewable electricity meeting more than half of electricity demand in key markets. In China, EVs represent more than one-third of cars on the road by 2030 as vehicle costs decline and charging infrastructure continues to be enhanced. At the same time, renewable electricity is expected to make up over half of China’s total power generation.The forecast for the use of low-emissions hydrogen and hydrogen…
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World Energy Investment 2025 Eurasia
…but has since followed a downward trend, reaching its lowest point in the past decade, around USD 135 billion, in 2022. Declining costs for oil and gas supply partly explain this trend, but it has been exacerbated by the decline in Russian spending after its full-scale invasion of Ukraine and the loss of most of its European export markets. However, investment has picked up in other markets, notably in Kazakhstan with the launch of the USD 48 billion expansion of the Tengiz oilfield, Central Asia’s largest oilfield, which is operated by Tengizchevroil. Investment in 2025 reaches a level similar to that of…
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Sheltering From Oil Shocks Air transport fuels
Jet fuel demand accounts for around 7% of global oil demand. Jet fuel markets look to be particularly vulnerable to an extended loss of Middle East production and exports, given limited flexibility elsewhere to increase output. 8. Avoid air travel where alternative options exist Description: Travel for work accounts for a large share (between 20% and 40%) of aviation activity. In many cases, travel for work can be temporarily substituted by virtual meetings. A reduction of around 40% of flights taken for work purposes is feasible in the short term, while maintaining productivity.Impact: Very high voluntary participation to work…
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Global Hydrogen Review 2025 Executive summary
…sector continues to grow despite persistent barriers and project cancellations Global hydrogen demand increased to almost 100 million tonnes (Mt) in 2024, up 2% from 2023 and in line with overall energy demand growth. This rise was driven by greater use in sectors that have traditionally consumed hydrogen, like oil refining and industry. Demand from new applications accounted for less than 1% of the total and was almost entirely concentrated in biofuels production. The supply of hydrogen continued to be dominated by fossil fuels, using 290 billion cubic metres (bcm) of natural gas and 90 million tonnes of coal equivalent (Mtce) in 2024…
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Coal Mid-Year Update 2025 Overview
…terawatt hours (TWh) in 2024. Demand for metallurgical coal for iron and steel production, the largest source of non-power-related coal consumption, has been more stable. In 2024, metallurgical coal use decreased by 0.8%.China plays a unique role in global coal markets. It accounts for 56% of global coal consumption – almost 30% more than the rest of the world combined. One of every three tonnes of coal consumed globally is used in Chinese power plants, making China and its power sector the largest single driver of global coal demand. In 2025, global coal demand is set to…