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Clean Energy Technology Supply Chain Data Executive summary
…goal of the Supply Chains Mission which was established by the United Kingdom in 2025 under the Global Clean Power Alliance (GCPA). The Mission aims to work with international partners to identify and deliver the changes needed to diversify clean power supply chains and resolve bottlenecks. This report supports the work of the Data pillar of the Mission by providing a high-level assessment of the current status of data relevant to clean energy supply chains and proposing a menu of possible actions to address data challenges, both at the national level and through international collaboration.While this work is rel...
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Southeast Asia Energy Outlook 2026 Southeast Asia’s energy challenges and emerging opportunities
…add to fiscal pressure without addressing underlying exposure. The region’s energy import bill could rise from over USD 80 billion in 2024 to around USD 245 billion by 2035; reaching announced climate pledges would cut the 2035 fossil fuel import bill to around half this level. Renewables, electrification and efficiency therefore offer long-term security as well as emissions benefits. Developing domestic oil and gas resources where geologically and economically viable, and enhancing the resilience of oil supply through diversification and refinery system flexibility also contribute region’s resilient energy system. Some countries turn to coal when gas prices…
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An Energy Sector Roadmap to Net Zero Emissions in Colombia Executive summary
…needs at 40%; electricity feeds 40% of energy demand from buildings. Overall, electricity accounted for 18% of Colombia’s final consumption in 2024. Hydropower represented around two-thirds of the country’s electricity generation over the past decade, although the annual share fluctuated by as much as 10 percentage points as weather patterns caused by El Niño and La Niña cycles affect rainfall and temperature, impacting reservoir levels. Greenhouse gas emissions have grown; Colombia has pledged to achieve net zero emissions Economic and population growth have resulted in Colombia’s total energy demand almost doubling between 2000 and 2024. As three-quarters…
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Indicators Handbook for Just and Inclusive Energy Transitions Introduction
…the world to address the key dimensions of just transitions. Countries can tailor these proposed indicators and evaluation methods to suit their unique priorities, institutional capacities and national policy landscapes. On the global stage, these indicators can also support countries as they develop their Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) and other climate and adaptation strategies. As countries move from acknowledging principles on just transitions to translating them into implementation and progress tracking, international collaboration is more important than ever. This handbook lays the groundwork for ongoing cooperation among countries to identify, refine and develop indicators that advance just and inclusive energy…
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Global EV Outlook 2026 Executive summary
After another record year for EV sales, attention is turning to the impacts of the energy crisis for global car markets Electric car sales grew by 20% globally to exceed 20 million in 2025, meaning one-quarter of all new cars sold were electric. Europe saw the strongest growth among major electric vehicle (EV) markets, with electric car sales rising by more than 30% to reach 28% of total sales, following an increase in the stringency of the European Union’s CO2 standards for cars. China’s growth in electric car sales slowed slightly, in part due to a temporary…
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Portugal 2026 Executive summary
…based on bottom-up sectoral agreements would integrate these efforts, increase transparency, and provide clarity and direction for public authorities, industry and consumers.Maintaining social acceptance of the energy transition requires ensuring that the benefits of clean, efficient and affordable energy reach all people. In particular, low‑income households, which are more exposed to high energy costs, inefficient housing and limited access to affordable, low-carbon mobility options, should be empowered to participate in the energy transition. This is especially important in Portugal, where energy poverty remains well above the European average. Although Portugal has a national strategy on energy poverty…
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Global Energy Review 2025 Coal
Global coal demand growth slows Global coal demand grew by 1.2% in 2024 in energy terms, rising by around 67 million tonnes of coal equivalent (Mtce) (or in physical terms by 1.4% or 123 million tonnes). The growth rate has been declining since the strong rebound in 2021 following the end of Covid-19 lockdowns in many countries.The electricity sector continues to drive coal demand, accounting for two-thirds of global consumption. In 2024, global coal power generation grew by nearly 1% to 10 700 TWh, a new high. A key driver was record temperatures, which pushed up electricity demand for…
- Key findings
- Global trends
- Oil
- Natural gas
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+ 3 pages
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Kenya 2024 Executive summary
…timeliness of energy balances and data, there is need for more structured and accessible energy data. A diverse electricity mix with strong renewable generation Kenya is well-positioned to maintain its role as a regional leader in renewable power generation, with geothermal presenting great potential as Kenya targets 100% renewable electricity generation and universal electricity access by 2030. Kenya has a diverse electricity mix, with nearly 90% of generation from renewable sources, including geothermal (47%), hydro (21%), wind (16%) and solar (4%) in 2023. The country is one of the lowest-cost geothermal power developers in the world and is…
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Energy Efficiency Policy Toolkit Industry
Introduction Industry accounts for 37% of final energy consumption globally. Doubling global energy intensity improvement by 2030 would require the decoupling of production from energy demand and raising the share of electricity in energy use from 23% in 2022 to 30% in 2030. An integrated policy approach combining regulation, information and incentives is the most effective way to achieve this goal.Regulations such as minimum energy performance standards for motors increase the efficiency of industrial processes by requiring new motors to use less energy per unit of output. This also drives the innovation of more efficient technologies. The alignment of international…
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Coal 2025 Supply
…shifts emerge to 2030 In 2024, global coal production hit a record high of 9.1 billion tonnes, largely driven by increased output in China, India and Indonesia. China retained its position as the world’s leading coal producer, maintaining output at 4 666 Mt. Coal remains the primary energy source in both China and India, making domestic production a cornerstone of their energy security strategies. Following supply shortages in 2021, both countries have ramped up coal production for several years in a row.At 9 111 Mt, global coal production in 2025 is projected to remain at 2024’s level. This marks a plateau before…
- Executive summary
- Demand
- Supply
- Trade
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+ 2 pages
