Energy security in the Age of Electricity is inextricably linked to securing the supply chains for clean energy technologies and the equipment and materials used to manufacture them. As countries continue to pursue energy transitions and make investments in the deployment and manufacturing of these technologies – guided by industrial strategies – a detailed understanding of their supply chains has an essential role to play.

The availability of good-quality, timely data is crucial to understanding clean energy technology supply chains and addressing vulnerabilities. Risks to supply chains can arise from interdependencies across technologies and between geographies, among other factors. Today, the available data shows that many clean energy technology supply chains are highly concentrated, and therefore vulnerable to potential disruptions caused both by human activity, such as trade restrictions and conflict, and by natural hazards – exacerbating risks to energy security.

High-quality, timely data on energy technology supply chains is essential for evidence-based policy making. This could include, for example, understanding which countries have undeveloped mineral resources that could be mined and refined competitively to satisfy future demand and diversify supply, or the potential to develop a competitive manufacturing base in a particular country to position it in a given clean energy supply chain. To reduce vulnerabilities in the supply chain, better data could help uncover a given country or industry’s exposure to a particular trade partner for a given technology, or to a potential increase in price for a certain material or component. Such data could also help identify opportunities to increase strategic trade partnerships for a particular mineral, material component or technology.

There is currently no authoritative “one-stop-shop” source for energy technology supply chain data globally. Different data sources – some public and others proprietary – are needed to compose even a partial picture of the supply chains of interest, with varying degrees of quality and coverage. In addition, the clean energy technology supply chain is developing rapidly, and systems of data collection must be able to keep pace as technologies, resource availabilities and cost structures change over time.

Strengthening global supply chains for clean power is the goal of the Supply Chains Mission which was established by the United Kingdom in 2025 under the Global Clean Power Alliance (GCPA). The Mission aims to work with international partners to identify and deliver the changes needed to diversify clean power supply chains and resolve bottlenecks. This report supports the work of the Data pillar of the Mission by providing a high-level assessment of the current status of data relevant to clean energy supply chains and proposing a menu of possible actions to address data challenges, both at the national level and through international collaboration.

While this work is relevant for many countries, emerging markets and developing economies could particularly benefit. Better data could support strategic expansion of their footprint in clean energy technology supply chains, contributing to increased industrialisation and economic development. If successful, such expansion would also help to increase diversification of clean energy supply chains globally, strengthening the energy security of all countries.

Government action will be essential to improve the availability and quality of data on clean energy technology supply chains. Example measures include mandatory reporting and ensuring adequate staffing and resources for data collection and publication. While this has a cost, the investment in data collection required is small when compared to the benefits of the commercial investment and industrialisation it could enable, and of resulting improvements in energy security. The actions of individual governments, while essential, will be insufficient on their own. Given the global nature of how clean energy technology supply chains evolve, a holistic approach, drawing on international collaboration, will be needed to improve the current state of energy technology supply chain data.

There are many potential actions governments can take to address supply chain data challenges – the Supply Chains Mission can be a key forum in which to co-ordinate and prioritise.This report culminates in a set of suggested government actions as an input to the discussions taking place under the Supply Chains Mission. In the next 6 months, it is suggested that governments could map the entitles responsible for data collection activities domestically and designate responsibility for co-ordinating relevant efforts, as well as beginning to engage with international entities active in this space. In the next year, it is suggested that governments may wish to establish or enhance the regulatory framework supporting data collection activities nationally, and to establish collaborations on these activities with industry and academia across the world. If governments co-ordinate their actions, their efforts can be multiplied, and the challenges around supply chain data that this report identifies can be made more tractable.