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Global Energy Review 2026 Electricity supply
The increase in low-emissions power generation in 2025 outstripped total electricity supply growth Global electricity generation increased by over 850 TWh in 2025, with renewables accounting for the vast majority of growth. Together, generation from renewables and nuclear power rose by more than the total global increase in generation. In contrast, generation from fossil fuels declined: a modest rise in natural gas-fired generation was outweighed by a decline for coal. Global coal-fired generation fell by around 0.5%, marking the first decrease since the Covid‑driven drop in 2020 and the first decline outside of a period of…
- Key findings
- Global trends
- Oil
- Natural gas
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+ 9 pages
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World Energy Outlook 2022 Outlook for solid fuels
…fired power generation reached a historic high in 2021. Both China and India have boosted investment in domestic coal production, but global production struggled to keep pace with demand increases, causing coal prices to surge. Russia – the world’s third-largest coal exporter – and its invasion of Ukraine complicated coal market dynamics and brought additional pressure on prices.The outlook for coal is heavily dependent on the strength of the world’s resolve to address climate change. In the Stated Policies Scenario (STEPS), coal demand declines gradually. In the Announced Pledges Scenario (APS), it declines about 20% below current levels…
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Breakthrough Agenda Report 2025 Power
…of the world, not just where deployment is taking place today.Recent progress and record growth years for renewables deployment, in particular, have been promising, but tapping into untouched potential in more regions and supporting the deployment of nuclear power can unlock greater emissions reductions.Quantitative indicator for successInstalled regional capacity and generation share of low-emissions power generation.Qualitative examples of collaborationIn 2025, the Energy Transition Council expanded its support to Latin America to help countries in the region deliver ambitious Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), in addition to continued support for the COP 28 Global Renewables and Energy Efficiency Pledge…
- Executive summary
- Power
- Hydrogen
- Road transport
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+ 4 pages
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Global Energy Review 2025 Oil
…vehicles. This 0.8% increase in demand – below the pre-pandemic growth rate of over 1% in the decade to 2019 – was closely in line with the IEA’s first forecast for 2024 set out in June 2023, which noted that structural macroeconomic trends would reassert themselves as Covid pandemic effects eased. Oil’s share of total energy demand fell below 30% for the first time ever, 50 years after peaking at 46%.In 2024, chemical feedstocks and aviation each accounted for around half of oil demand growth in energy terms (in volumetric terms, the share of feedstocks was higher…
- Key findings
- Global trends
- Oil
- Natural gas
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+ 3 pages
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Global Energy Review 2026 Electricity demand
Electricity demand grew more than twice as fast as overall energy demand Global electricity demand grew year-on-year by around 3% in 2025, easing from 4.4% in 2024, when intense heat waves boosted electricity consumption. Nevertheless, the 2025 growth rate remained above the 2.8% annual average observed between 2014 and 2024 and was also well over twice the rate of overall global energy demand growth in 2025 (1.3%). Demand growth was well above long-term average rates in advanced economies, but slowed in Asian economies In 2025, emerging market and developing economies accounted for 80% of…
- Key findings
- Global trends
- Oil
- Natural gas
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+ 9 pages
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Coal 2025 Executive summary
…In the European Union (EU), lower hydropower and wind output pushed up coal power generation in the first half of the year. As a result, EU coal demand is set to decrease by only around 2% in 2025 – a much smaller decline than the double-digit drops in 2023 and 2024.In China, which consumes more coal than the rest of the world combined, demand is on course to mirror its 2024 level, as expected. In turn, global coal demand in 2025 is set to be very close to our forecast published in the previous edition of this report a year…
- Executive summary
- Demand
- Supply
- Trade
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+ 2 pages
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World Energy Outlook 2025 Net Zero Emissions by 2050
…savings from lower fuel prices together with efficiency gains mean that households face costs for energy services comparable to those of today through to 2035, and lower still in the longer term. Fuel importers benefit too as import bills are cut by about two-thirds. Electricity takes on a bigger role to meet energy demand, underlining the significance of electricity security, and the need for secure and diversified supply chains for critical minerals and energy technologies. A pathway to return temperature rise below 1.5 °C The NZE scenario sees temperatures rise by around 1.65 °C above pre-industrial…
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Electricity Mid-Year Update 2025 Emissions: Power generation CO2 emissions are plateauing
…Declines in China, Europe and the Americas offset rising emissions in other regions Multiple regions in the world are expected to record falling emissions from electricity generation out to 2026. The largest decrease in terms of absolute emissions is expected in China. This corresponds to a modest average annual decline rate of less than 1% for China in 2025-2026. This is highly sensitive to fluctuations in electricity demand, which can result from deviations from the latest economic projections as well as variations in weather conditions in individual years. Nevertheless, the rapid growth of renewable energy in China, accompanied by…
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Energy Efficiency 2024 What is required to scale up energy efficiency investments by 2030?
…as district heating and cooling also offer quick wins to accelerate energy efficiency progress. Behavioural change also plays an important role and can be supported through investments in public transport systems and digitally-enabled devices such as smart thermostats. Which sectors and regions are key for increasing investment? While investment in energy efficiency has risen by 50% compared with 2019 levels, spending has not been evenly distributed around the world. Efficiency investment is highly concentrated, with almost 90% of spending occurring in China and advanced economies. In the NZE Scenario, energy efficiency investments in advanced economies almost double by 2030…
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Gaining an Edge Summary for policymakers
…as well as users, of energy efficiency technologies stand to gain market share at a pivotal time.While industry leaders recognise the competitiveness benefits of energy efficiency, they need help to overcome barriers to action. In an IEA survey of 1 000 firms around the world, around 80% of industry leaders report that efficiency is key to their competitiveness. However, respondents indicate that they face barriers to implementing more significant measures, including significant upfront costs and insufficient workforce capacity.A renewed policy approach can position energy efficiency as a pillar of industrial strategy. With an expanded focus on SMEs and…
