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Global Hydrogen Review 2025 Five key questions about hydrogen
Is the slow progress of projects derailing the hydrogen sector? Recent headlines reporting project delays, cancellations and downward revisions of ambitions for the adoption of low-emissions hydrogen, have led many to question whether the industry has hit another “hype cycle” like those in the 1970s, 1990s, and early 2000s. However, a deeper analysis reveals a different story. Despite falling short of the ambitious targets from the early 2020s, the sector is achieving remarkable milestones that demonstrate clear progress.The scale of electrolyser projects is growing fast. In 2021, the world's largest reached 30 MW. In 2025, a 500 MW project…
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Global Energy and Climate Model Accelerating Clean Cooking and Electricity Services Scenario (ACCESS)
Even as global energy demand continues to rise, billions of people in around 100 countries remain without access to basic modern energy services. Today nearly 2 billion people lack access to clean cooking and 730 million people lack access to electricity. Millions of households, businesses and public institutions such as clinics and schools operate without reliable modern energy. This limits productivity and hinders socioeconomic development. It also perpetuates the use of traditional biomass, with damaging consequences for health and the environment.The Accelerating Clean Cooking and Electricity Services Scenario (ACCESS) charts a path to achieve universal access to clean cooking and electricity based…
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Global Hydrogen Review 2026 Progress summary dashboard
Production Electrolysers Policies Investment
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Global Methane Tracker 2025 Accelerating industry action
…the greatest potential for cost-effective abatement. We estimate that around 25 Mt of methane emissions from upstream operations (40% of all upstream oil and gas methane emissions worldwide) could have been avoided at no net cost in 2024. Well over 15 Mt of emissions could have been avoided through measures with internal rates of return exceeding 25% – well above the thresholds that oil and gas companies typically require for capital investment. Methane plume from a flare in Russia, 2024 The global average methane intensity of upstream oil and gas has fallen by around 10% since 2019. Yet despite this progress…
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Rare Earth Elements Executive summary
…geological deposits to refined products and permanent magnets. These stages include extraction, beneficiation, chemical upgrading, separation into oxides, metal refining, alloying and magnet manufacturing. After extraction, ores are crushed and milled to liberate minerals, which are then concentrated. Separation – the technical core of processing – converts mixed rare earth feeds into individual oxides. Refined oxides are then transformed into metals, and then into alloy powders, the primary inputs for magnet production.Among the strategic minerals analysed by the International Energy Agency (IEA), rare earths exhibit one of the highest levels of geographical concentrations across the value chain. In 2024, the Pe...
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Electricity Mid-Year Update 2025 Prices: Trends in wholesale markets differ across regions
…compared to 2025.Negative prices are becoming more common in many markets across Europe. The share of hours with negative prices on the wholesale market reached 8-9% in the first half of the year in countries such as Germany, Netherlands and Spain – up from 4-5% in 2024. Germany saw an increase in wholesale electricity prices in H1 2025 (+37%), with average prices slightly below USD 100/MWh. In addition to the higher gas prices compared to 2024, the significant reduction in wind power generation due to less favourable weather conditions also contributed to the price rise. To meet demand…
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What Next for the Global Car Industry Pathways to global EV cost-competitiveness
…margins, and subsidies, and partly due to model variation within a segment. In China, profit margins have been reduced by competition, especially for electric cars.Chinese carmakers are very cost-competitive, but incumbent manufacturers can build on their strengths in the global premium market and in emerging economies, where future growth is concentrated. Nevertheless, boosting competitiveness in electric car production will remain a priority for incumbent carmakers aiming to maintain a share of this market. Chinese carmakers have a significant technological advantage, but others could catch up by setting the right priorities for their comparatively high R&D budgets. Relying…
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Ukraine’s Energy Security A pre-winter assessment
…While Ukraine has made strong strides in rebuilding and strengthening the resilience of its energy system this past spring and summer, the situation remains fragile, and the risk of huge disruptions and widespread destabilisation remains – particularly if Russia further intensifies targeted attacks or temperatures in the months ahead are colder than expected.This analysis builds on the IEA’s September 2024 report, Ukraine’s Energy Security and the Coming Winter. It provides an update on the latest developments through October 2025 and proposes key actions that Ukraine and its partners can take to address urgent energy security vulnerabilities this winter…
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The State of Energy Innovation 2026 Interactive: Highlights in energy innovation
Interactive: Highlights in energy innovation
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The State of Energy Innovation 2025 Interactive: Highlights in energy innovation
Interactive: Highlights in energy innovation
