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State of Energy Policy 2026 Executive summary
…More recently, natural gas stockholding requirements have expanded, with gas storage requirements and strategic buffers adopted in close to 30 countries since Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in 2022. Such measures are now in place in importing countries accounting for more than 40% of natural gas imports, compared with 11% in 2010. Disruptions resulting from the conflict in the Middle East have prompted the use of these emergency measures, including the collective action decision of 11 March 2026, which made 400 million barrels of oil from IEA emergency reserves available to the market. The current disruption has also triggered announcements of new and strengthened…
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Energy Technology Perspectives 2026 Deployment of clean energy technologies, materials and fuels
…Their aggregate market value has grown 20% on average per year since 2015 to reach nearly USD 1.2 trillion. Some 80% of global solar PV and wind generation now occurs at lower levelised costs than for coal or gas. Battery prices have dropped 75% since 2015, pushing electric car sales to around 25% share in 2025. Deployment increases in all IEA scenarios: in the Current Policies Scenario (CPS), their global market value nearly doubles to around USD 2 trillion in 2035, greater than the oil market in 2025. In the Stated Policies Scenario (STEPS), their market value approaches USD…
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Global Hydrogen Review 2026 Investment and innovation
…25%.Hydrogen company valuations are being driven to new highs by one firm, while returns show modest signs of stabilisation and recovery. Bloom Energy stands out, adding almost USD 80 billion in market capitalisation in the past year, as surging electricity demand from AI data centres and long gas turbine backlogs boost prospects for its fuel cells, albeit initially running on natural gas.Multiple hydrogen technologies have advanced towards commercial deployment since 2020, but maturity remains uneven. High-capture CCUS-based hydrogen production has yet to be demonstrated, while hydrogen use in industry and synthetic hydrocarbons is only now moving to first…
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Global Critical Minerals Outlook 2025 Executive summary
…supply growth for battery metals has been twice the rate seen in the late 2010s. As a result, following the sharp price surges of 2021 and 2022, prices for key energy minerals have continued to decline, returning to pre-pandemic levels. Lithium prices, which had surged eightfold during 2021-22, fell by over 80% since 2023. Graphite, cobalt and nickel prices also dropped by 10 to 20% in 2024. Despite strong expectations for future demand growth, investment decisions today face significant market and economic uncertainties. Investment momentum in critical mineral development weakened in 2024, with spending rising by just 5%…
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Electricity Mid-Year Update 2025 Supply: Renewables grow the most, followed by gas and nuclear
As highlighted in our annual Electricity 2025 report, low-emissions energy sources are reaching new milestones globally in our forecast period. Renewables are poised to surpass coal-fired generation, depending on weather trends and economic developments, either as early as 2025 or in 2026. As a result, coal’s share in total generation is set to drop below 33% for the first time in the last 100 years.Solar PV and wind energy are key drivers of this trend, with their combined share in global electricity generation expected to rise from 15% in 2024 to 17% in 2025 and to above…
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What Next for the Global Car Industry Executive summary
…most, and explains the focus of this report. ICE sales will not fade quickly – car manufacturers must navigate transitions that move at different speeds Even as ICE car sales are set to continue declining in China and advanced economies in aggregate over the coming years, they are likely to rise in other regions. Different regional technology mixes pose challenges for the global industry. Today, Japanese carmakers supply two-thirds of cars sold in Southeast Asia and over half of those sold in the Middle East and India; European carmakers have a nearly 50% market share in Central and South America…
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Pledges to Progress 2025 Recommendations
…Encourage companies to sign the Oil and Gas Decarbonization Charter (OGDC), which will not only help them set industry-standard targets, but also access technical support and a peer community. Companies that participate in industry collaborations tend to perform better than those operating in isolation.Encourage companies to join the Oil and Gas Methane Partnership (OGMP 2.0) to close the gap in methane emissions data quality. High-quality empirical data are required for effective methane emissions abatement. Additionally, the increased transparency and data quality are key to reporting in a way that generates stakeholder confidence.Clearly report scope 1 emissions…
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The State of Energy Innovation 2025 Interactive: Highlights in energy innovation
Interactive: Highlights in energy innovation
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The State of Energy Innovation 2026 Interactive: Highlights in energy innovation
Interactive: Highlights in energy innovation
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Global Energy Review 2025 Coal
…in China. China’s influence in global coal market trends is unparalleled by any country for any type of fuel, with China’s share of global coal consumption now standing at 58%.In 2024, electricity demand in China was very strong, rising by 7% (or over 550 TWh). Despite huge solar PV and wind capacity additions in recent years – as well as a recovery in hydropower output in the first half of the year due to higher rainfall, plus increases in nuclear, biomass and gas power generation – there was still a gap between the additional electricity demand and supply. Coal generation…
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