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Designing Energy Efficiency Policies to Enhance Affordability
Examples from G7 countries Energy affordability has emerged as a critical concern in the context of rising global energy prices and growing inequality in energy access. Lower-income households spend a significantly higher share of their income on energy than wealthier households, leaving them exposed to price shocks and especially vulnerable when energy prices increase. Energy efficiency can play a key role in delivering lower energy bills, reducing emissions, and enhancing resilience. However, ensuring that all households benefit requires targeted, inclusive policy design.This issue was a central focus of an IEA workshop held in January 2025 with G7 country…
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Electricity Mid-Year Update 2025 Prices: Trends in wholesale markets differ across regions
Average wholesale electricity prices in the first half of 2025 rose year-on-year in various regions, including Europe, the United States and Japan, amid higher gas prices. By contrast, countries such as India and Australia saw lower wholesale prices compared to the previous year in the face of varying demand and generation trends, among other factors. At the same time, a number of markets continued to observe an increase in the occurrence of negative electricity prices. A detailed discussion of negative electricity prices and their drivers can be found in our Electricity 2025 report. Higher gas prices put upwards…
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Southeast Asia Energy Outlook 2026 Energy outlook to 2050 based on targets and pledges
Achieving Southeast Asia’s announced energy and climate pledges would bring forward a structural shift in the region’s energy system. In the Announced Pledges Scenario, total energy demand grows by around 2% per year to 2035, as stronger efficiency gains and electrification weaken the link between economic growth and energy consumption. Clean energy meets most incremental demand growth, raising its share in the energy mix to around 30% by 2035.Fossil fuel demand peaks before 2035 across all major fuels in the APS, in contrast to continued growth under today’s policy settings. Coal demand peaks around 390 Mtce…
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Iran
Iran has in place legislation obliging the Minister of Energy to increase the share of renewables and clean power plants to at least 5% of the country's capacity until the end of 2021.
- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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+ 5 pages
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Burkina Faso
In 2019, Burkina Faso’s energy mix was dominated by biofuels and wastes, with oil products accounting for one-third of the total energy supply. In 2020, 11% of the population had access to clean cooking and only 21% had access to electricity, making Burkina Faso one of the world’s least-electrified countries. For electricity, the country has a target of 95% access for urban areas and 50% for rural areas by 2030. For clean cooking, Burkina Faso has a universal access target for urban areas and 65% in rural areas by 2030. The target for LPG urban penetration…
- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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+ 5 pages
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Electricity 2026 Emissions
CO2 emissions from electricity generation are forecast to plateau through 2030 In 2025, global emissions from electricity generation remained flat, after increasing 1.5% and 1.4% in in the previous two years, respectively. Even with strong gains in electricity demand, growth in power sector emissions is showing marked signs of slowing down as fossil-fired generation is constrained by the rapid deployment of renewables and rising nuclear power generation. As this trend continues, we forecast global emissions from power generation to plateau over our 2026-2030 outlook period due to significant increases in clean energy sources, despite electricity demand…
- Executive summary
- Demand
- Supply
- Grids
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+ 4 pages
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Albania
Albania’s Ministry of Energy recently launched an auction round for the construction of the country’s first large-scale solar plant. The country also has a National Strategy of Energy, which aims to develop an effective energy sector that guarantees security of energy supply and efficient use of energy.
- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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+ 5 pages
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Tajikistan
Hydropower is the main source of energy in Tajikistan, followed by imported oil, gas and coal. However, Tajikistan's energy sector is prone to supply shocks, due to seasonal shortages. Energy policy focuses on providing uninterrupted energy access to all users while improving regional co‑operation and energy sector efficiency, but significant domestic and foreign investment will be necessary for continued energy sector development. Tajikistan is part of the EU4Energy Programme, an initiative focused on evidence-based policymaking for the energy sector.
- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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+ 5 pages
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World Energy Outlook 2025
The IEA’s flagship World Energy Outlook (WEO) is the most authoritative source of global energy analysis and projections. Updated annually to reflect the latest energy data, technology and market trends, and government policies, it explores a range of possible energy futures and their implications for energy security, access and emissions. The WEO covers the whole energy system, using a scenario-based approach to highlight the central choices, consequences and contingencies that lie ahead. It includes exploratory scenarios that flow from different assumptions about existing policies, as well as normative pathways that achieve energy and emissions goals in full. The multi…
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Saudi Arabia
Saudi Arabia has moved forward in the implementation of energy efficiency standards on key sectors and end-uses linked to their energy saving potential. These standards are focused on and the transport and building sectors. For example, new buildings are now required to be insulated.
- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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+ 5 pages
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