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Global Energy and Climate Model Announced Pledges Scenario (APS)
…generally the period to 2035, will follow once there is a more complete picture of these pledges.The Announced Pledges Scenario (APS), introduced in 2021, illustrates the extent to which announced ambitions and targets can deliver the emissions reductions needed to achieve net zero emissions by 2050. In the WEO-2024, the APS includes all recent major national announcements as of the end of August 2024, both 2030 targets and longer-term net zero or carbon neutrality pledges, regardless of whether these announcements have been anchored in legislation or in updated Nationally Determined Contributions. In the APS, countries implement their national…
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Colombia 2023 Executive summary
…pathway and a policy of energy and economic diversification and a just transition.In the context of the National Energy Plan 2020-2050, launched in 2016, Colombia started a journey to diversify its energy resources and ensure a reliable energy supply by promoting wind, solar and geothermal in the country’s electricity mix.At COP26, Colombia presented a net zero target and an ambitious Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC), aiming at a 51% reduction in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 2030. These ambitions are reflected in the long-term strategy, the E2050 Strategy, the Energy Transition Law and the Climate Action Law…
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Southeast Asia Energy Outlook 2024 Executive summary
…in Southeast Asia Eight of the 10 countries in Southeast Asia have net zero emissions goals: Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Singapore and Viet Nam have set a target date of 2050; Indonesia of 2060; and Thailand of 2065. While momentum is building for clean energy transitions across the region, far greater efforts are needed to get on track for these national goals, which would mean cutting today’s emissions by almost two-thirds by 2050. Aligning with the targets agreed at COP28 and achieving global net zero emissions by mid-century would demand an even faster transformation in…
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Energy Technology Perspectives 2026 Deployment of clean energy technologies, materials and fuels
…Net Zero Emissions by 2050 Scenario (NZE Scenario), more than USD 5 trillion. The market for near-zero emissions materials remains almost non-existent, due to the limited availability of cost-competitive technologies at scale, insufficient policy support and low consumer willingness to absorb cost premiums. Yet momentum is building: 105 Mt of near-zero emissions steel production capacity has been announced since 2020 (equal to around 5% of global production today), roughly double the conventional capacity additions, though only 5% has taken final investment decision (FID). A strong policy push is needed for a large market for near-zero…
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Luxembourg 2026 Executive summary
Luxembourg has established ambitious climate and energy objectives, but more targeted policy measures are needed to meet them. Luxembourg’s climate and energy goals are aligned with the European Union (EU) targets for a 55% reduction in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 2030 and a 90% reduction by 2040, and it has legally enshrined net zero emissions by 2050. Despite rapid population and economic growth, energy-related emissions have already fallen by 40% since 2005, reflecting the success of early measures. Public support for climate action is also robust, providing a strong foundation for the next phase of the transition…
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Global Methane Tracker 2025 Policies
…of global fossil fuel production, with the largest initiative being the Global Methane Pledge (GMP). Countries that participate in the GMP commit to work together to collectively reduce global methane emissions from human activity (across all sources, not limited to energy) by at least 30% below 2020 levels by 2030. Cutting the world’s methane emissions by 30% over the next decade would have the same impact on global warming by mid-century as immediately shifting the global transport sector to net zero CO2 emissions.In 2024, Azerbaijan, Tajikistan, Guatemala and Madagascar joined the GMP, bringing the total number of…
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Brazil 2025 Executive summary
Brazil has positioned itself as a leader in the global energy transition. Its vast renewable energy resources, strong biofuels sector and ambitious climate commitments offer distinct advantages in the low-carbon economy. The country has introduced a comprehensive National Energy Transition Policy (PNTE) aimed at achieving net zero greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 2050, supported by the Energy Transition Plan (PLANTE) and the Energy Transition Forum (FONTE). In 2024, the country also launched the Low-Carbon Hydrogen Law, the Brazilian Greenhouse Gas Emissions Trading System Law, the Fuel of the Future Law and the Energy Transition Acceleration Program, further boosting momentum…
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Scaling Up Transition Finance What is transition finance?
…and in EMDE.For the moment, the volume of finance that can be labelled as transition finance is low, but International Energy Agency (IEA) scenarios provide some indicative guidance of the potential volume of investments that could be covered. Over the next decade, the amount of investment that can be supported by transition finance is approximately USD 5 trillion of cumulative investment in the Announced Policies Scenario (APS) and approximately USD 4 trillion in the Net Zero Emissions by 2050 (NZE) Scenario, or USD 400-500 billion per year. Over half of those investments would be in EMDE, spanning energy efficiency, selected low-emissions technology across…
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Scaling Up Transition Finance Sectoral insights
…transition finance.Heavy industry: The cement and steel sectors are a foundation of economic development and are major emitters, accounting for about 14% of direct energy and process CO₂ emissions. Near-zero emissions technologies are essential to achieve net zero pathways, these technologies are still in the preliminary stages of commercial deployment. In the near-term, transition finance can support interim steps towards reaching near-zero emissions solutions.Critical minerals: As these are the material backbone of energy supply chains, scaling mining and refining is crucial to meeting increasing demand driven by energy applications such as electric vehicles, battery storage…
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Breakthrough Agenda Report 2025 Fertilisers
…cut by around 70% to reach net zero by 2050 according to the International Fertilizer Association, through improved nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), use of inhibitors to reduce losses, crop rotation and land sparing, with residual emissions sequestered in the soil.NUE varies across regions, but the global average needs to increase from 55% to 70% by 2050 in the above scenario, more than doubling the recent annual growth rate. Recommendations Standards, definitions and certification Governments should convene a multi-stakeholder process to move towards common understandings of definitions for low- and near-zero emissions fertilisers that encompass the full fertiliser…
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