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Gas Market Report, Q2-2025 Executive summary
…liquefied natural gas (LNG) prices and a milder winter in the People’s Republic of China (hereafter “China”). Tighter market fundamentals put upward pressure on gas prices across all key markets, while geopolitical tensions have also continued to fuel price volatility. Below-average growth in global LNG output together and lower piped gas exports from the Russian Federation (hereafter “Russia”) to the European Union have kept supply tight and increased the call on gas storage and reserve mechanisms. Global gas demand growth is expected to slow to around 1.5% in 2025 due to a combination of initially tight market…
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Electricity 2026 Demand
…robust growth, the next five years will add on average 50% more electricity demand per year than over the past decade. The brisk pace will be supported by growing industries, electric vehicles, space cooling, and data centres, among many other end uses. Electricity consumption is now projected to grow at least 2.5 times faster than overall energy demand, hastening the world’s transition to an electricity-based economy. In tandem, the relationship between electricity demand and economic growth is undergoing a paradigm shift. Traditionally, electricity use has closely tracked economic expansion, excluding periods of global financial crises. However, in…
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- Demand
- Supply
- Grids
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Outlook for Biogas and Biomethane Key issues affecting biogas and biomethane projects
…the digester to avoid emergency pressure releases of gas), covered storage of digestate, combustion of off-gases during biomethane upgrading to capture biogenic CO2, and use of leak and repair programmes to resolve issues quickly. Frameworks setting maximum GHG emissions intensities for biogases and fuels – such as the EU's Renewable Energy Directive (RED) and California's Low-Carbon Fuel Standards (LCFS) – are a step forward in ensuring that biogases have a net positive impact in terms of emissions. The structure of these policies can also shape producer choices. For instance, crediting avoided manure by using it as a biogas…
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COP28 Tripling Renewable Capacity Pledge 2025: Update Key Findings
…increased by 453 GW since the last IEA assessment. China’s upward ambition is the largest globally, rising by around 600 GW. In contrast, ambitions in the Americas are down by around 322 GW. The Middle East and North Africa saw the second-largest increase—and the highest in percentage terms—rising nearly 50% from last year. Europe and the Asia Pacific region (excluding China) show modest growth of about 3% each. Sub-Saharan Africa’s 2030 ambitions fell slightly, though trends vary across countries. Eurasia’s overall ambition grew by more than 20 GW (16%) compared with last year.
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China’s Official Energy Finance in Emerging and Developing Economies Trends in China’s Outbound Energy Finance
This section examines the major shifts in China’s outbound energy finance over the past decade, with a particular focus on developments since 2022. Drawing on publicly available project information and systematically compiled datasets, the analysis highlights structural changes in the scale, composition and institutional drivers of official financing, with aggregate figures presented up to 2024. Together, these trends reveal how China’s role as an energy financier is evolving – from a gradual decline of traditional policy-bank lending to the rise of more commercial-oriented official providers – and what this means for investment patterns across EMDE. Overall financing trends…
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Lithuania 2025 Executive summary
…an electrified energy system and new industrial development. The National Energy Independence Strategy (NEIS) is formulated around four strategic goals: 1) ensuring energy security, 2) achieving climate neutrality, 3) transitioning to an electricity economy with a high value-added energy industry, and 4) ensuring that energy is available to consumers in a fair and affordable way. Meeting these goals would require a broad electrification across the economy, and Lithuania aims to become a net exporter of electricity by 2030 and of energy by 2050. The strategy also includes fostering industrial development related to renewables-based hydrogen. This requires a lot of electricity…
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Global Methane Tracker 2026 Strategies to speed action
Making a business case for methane abatement Tackling methane emissions from fossil-fuel operations is one of the quickest and cheapest ways to curb global greenhouse gas emissions. Most of the methane abatement measures available today in the oil and gas sector would be cost-effective at a carbon price of about USD 20 per tonne of carbon dioxide equivalent (tCO2‑eq). Methane abatement has not caught on as widely as it could, for several reasons. Companies may underestimate of the scale of the problem or be unaware of the available solutions. Capital is often steered toward higher-profile projects, while corporate…
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Coal 2025 Supply
Coal production plateaus in 2025 as structural shifts emerge to 2030 In 2024, global coal production hit a record high of 9.1 billion tonnes, largely driven by increased output in China, India and Indonesia. China retained its position as the world’s leading coal producer, maintaining output at 4 666 Mt. Coal remains the primary energy source in both China and India, making domestic production a cornerstone of their energy security strategies. Following supply shortages in 2021, both countries have ramped up coal production for several years in a row.At 9 111 Mt, global coal production in 2025 is projected to remain at 2024…
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- Demand
- Supply
- Trade
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World Energy Investment 2026 How we track investment in energy
…are not investments per se. In WEI 2025, as in other recent IEA reports, investment in energy efficiency aims to reflect the incremental spending by companies, governments, or individuals to acquire a piece of equipment that is more efficient than the local market average. Due to the different possible methodologies available, this estimate of energy efficiency investment is not definitive but still included to provide a comparison with the scale of investment in energy supply. Fossil fuel and power sector investments are those that raise or replace energy supply, while energy efficiency are counted as those that reduce energy demand.
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Renewables 2025 Renewable heat
…China. If fossil fuel use is not contained, the heat sector alone in 2025-2030 could consume more than one-fifth of the remaining carbon budget for an even chance to limit global warming to 1.5°C Renewable heat consumption is expected to accelerate slightly over the outlook period, rising more than 42% (+12 EJ) globally during 2025-2030 – twice the increase of the previous six-year period. Nonetheless, this growth represents just 70% of the projected global increase in total heat demand, leading to rising fossil fuel consumption for heat and associated CO2 emissions (+4%/+0.6 Gt CO2 in annual emissions)…
