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Electricity Mid-Year Update 2025 Executive summary
…still not been observed as of the first half of 2025. The first half of 2025 showed contrasting trends across regions in thermal generation In the first half of 2025, while coal-fired generation declined year-on-year in China and India, it increased in the United States and the European Union. The declines in China and India were due to more moderate demand growth compared with the same period in 2024 and strong expansion in output from renewables. By contrast, in the United States, both renewable generation and coal-fired output rose strongly, with the latter boosted by gas-...
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Breakthrough Agenda Report 2025 Road transport
…cars overtook 2/3-wheelers as the most electrified road transport segment. Electrification of 2/3-wheelers stagnated at about 15% in 2024.The electric bus and truck market continued to expand, growing by 30% and 75%, respectively. Sales of electric vehicles are highest in China, where around 1 in 10 cars is now electric. Success statements Zero-emission light-duty vehicle pledges are translated into policies, and more key markets join heavy-duty vehicle pledges Why is it important to achieve the success statement to reach the sectoral breakthrough goal?While significant recent growth in electric vehicle (EV) sales…
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- Power
- Hydrogen
- Road transport
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Investment
This initiative includes a dashboard that offers free data on financing costs for clean energy projects, tools and analysis to help governments identify and address investment risks, and case studies showcasing successful strategies for mobilising capital. This initiative includes a dashboard that offers free data on financing costs for clean energy projects, tools and analysis to help governments identify and address investment risks, and case studies showcasing successful strategies for mobilising capital. Globally, energy investment by governments, households and businesses is expected to reach a new high of $3.3 trillion in 2025. How this spending is allocated has major…
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Electricity 2026 Supply
…natural gas and nuclear set to meet additional demand Low‑emissions sources maintained strong growth momentum in 2025, with renewables rising by 9%. This was slightly lower than the 9.6% increase in 2024, as weather conditions dampened growth in wind and hydropower generation. Nonetheless, 2025 growth was still well above the 6.4% average observed over the past decade. Coal-fired generation remained relatively flat in 2025, following a 1.4% increase in 2024. Declines in China and India were offset by gains in the United States, Eurasia and other Asian markets. Natural gas-fired output grew by around 0…
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- Demand
- Supply
- Grids
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Key Questions on Energy and AI
Following the publication of the IEA’s landmark Energy and AI report in 2025, this report examines how the energy and AI nexus has evolved amid surging investment in data centres and rapid advances in model capabilities. Drawing on fresh datasets and analysis, it explores where electricity demand is rising, how quickly grids and supply chains can respond, and what these shifts mean for energy security, affordability and sustainability.
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Coal Mid-Year Update 2025 Supply
…In 2025, we expect global coal production to rise slightly to 9.2 Bt, setting a new record. This increase is once again led by China and India, with China’s output growing by 6% year-on-year during the first six months of the year. However, the same period in 2024 marked a low base due to the production cuts in Shanxi. The province is expected to regain its position as China’s top coal-producing region in 2025. As a result, output for the full year is expected to rise by 3%, reaching 4.8 Bt. That said, the…
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World Energy Investment 2026 Regional dashboards
Despite the destabilising effect of the Middle East conflict, capital flows to the energy sector are expected to grow to USD 3.4 trillion in 2026, a 5% rise from 2025, mainly from China, the US, and the EU. Clean energy investment grows to USD 2.2 trillion, almost double that of fossil fuels. Investment in clean energy increases year-on-year by 7% in advanced economies and in China, while 4% in other emerging markets, reflecting regional differences with a shared focus on energy security.
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China’s Official Energy Finance in Emerging and Developing Economies Case 4. TFC Solar PV project in South Africa
Project overview and impact South Africa faces significant challenges regarding electricity reliability. The lack of investment, coupled with increasing demand have led to chronic load shedding, with household and industrial consumers affected. Energy-intensive sectors, such as ferrochrome smelting, face rising operational costs, production losses and growing pressure to reduce emissions in line with national and international climate objectives. To address power shortages, the South African government, since 2023, has allowed independent power producers to build power plants above 100 MW and sell electricity directly to private customers without an issued generation license.The Tubaste Ferrochrome (TFC) solar PV power…
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Renewables in District Energy Executive summary
…of consumption in energy-importing countries, exposing consumers to price volatility and geopolitical supply risks. While efficiency improvements – including the shift to combined heat and power – have reduced emissions intensity, overall fossil fuel use remains high. Coal accounts for around half of global district heat production, with natural gas contributing close to one-third, reflecting continued reliance on legacy infrastructure and established supply chains, particularly in China and Eastern Europe. Existing networks provide a platform for fuel switching and the integration of renewables and waste heat, making district energy a key lever to advance, energy security and system efficiency and…
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Multiple Benefits of Energy Efficiency for Business Quality and reputation
…evidence confirms the scale of these effects. Among 1000 manufacturing companies across a wide range of sectors, around two-thirds report at least a medium decrease in defective production following the implementation of energy efficiency measures, and almost half report a high or very high impact. Improved energy performance is associated with better brand image and market positioning Energy efficiency can shape how firms are perceived in the market. By reducing energy use in visible and measurable ways, more efficient production can signal operational excellence and environmental responsibility, strengthening brand positioning and differentiation. This can generate commercial advantages through customer…
