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Financing Electricity Access in Africa Pathway to universal access
…with financial support for households to reduce connection fees and increased community engagement to improve take-up rates once the grid arrives. However, decentralised solutions remain essential, especially for rural areas. Integrated energy planning and improved tendering approaches can help design impactful interventions, streamline processes, and thus unlock further capital.Private finance accounts for roughly 45% of spending under the ACCESS scenario, making up over half of spending in decentralised solutions but a slightly lower share in grids. The private sector already plays a key role in solar home systems (SHS) but faces obstacles in other sectors: many countries do…
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Poland
Poland’s energy system has seen progress on energy transition, despite its reliance on domestic hard coal and lignite. For example, Poland has one of the fastest growing solar PV markets in the European Union and has also seen a strong uptake of heat pumps. Poland is pushing to become a major player in offshore wind, aiming for at least 3.4 GW of capacity by 2030. However, stronger efforts are needed across all sectors to accelerate energy transition and Poland would benefit from greater electricity interconnections with the rest of Europe.
- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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+ 5 pages
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Renewables
…integrated approach, connecting the utilisation of all renewable energy technologies. Policy makers should focus on implementing long-term plans for whole-economy decarbonisation and implement incentives reflecting the requirements of all economic sectors.
Shift policy to competitive auctions
Policy instruments used to support renewable power include administratively set feed-in tariffs or premiums, renewable portfolio standards, quotas and tradeable green certificate schemes, net metering, tax rebates and capital grants. Recently, auctions for the centralised competitive procurement of renewables have become increasingly widespread and have been instrumental in discovering renewable energy prices and containing policy costs in many countries, especially…
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Electricity 2026 Demand
…arrived, underpinned by strong demand growth As the Age of Electricity moves apace, demand is on a solid upward trajectory in our five-year forecast period from 2026 to 2030. Amid robust growth, the next five years will add on average 50% more electricity demand per year than over the past decade. The brisk pace will be supported by growing industries, electric vehicles, space cooling, and data centres, among many other end uses. Electricity consumption is now projected to grow at least 2.5 times faster than overall energy demand, hastening the world’s transition to an electricity-based economy…
- Executive summary
- Demand
- Supply
- Grids
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+ 4 pages
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Critical Mineral Traceability for Energy and Economic Security Executive summary
…from the survey, this report sets out the current state of play and identifies priority actions to strengthen the role of traceability in supporting energy and economic security. The OECD is set to release a separate report on the role of traceability in supporting resilient and responsible supply chains.Companies have begun implementing traceability systems, but uptake remains uneven across minerals, regions and supply chain segments. Based on the IEA-OECD joint survey, two-thirds of respondent companies report having some form of traceability system – 30% with full coverage and 40% across selected minerals or supply chains. Upstream companies are…
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China’s Official Energy Finance in Emerging and Developing Economies Setting the scene
…up to 2010 as part of broader economic and industrial strategies, with the China Development Bank (CDB) and the Export–Import Bank of China (CEXIM) emerging as two of the world’s largest DFIs. The launch of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) in 2013 further accelerated this outward push, formalising China’s ambition to strengthen cross-border infrastructure, energy access and economic ties. While China is not a traditional donor represented in fora such as the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development’s (OECD’s) development assistance committee, its official-sector institutions have become highly active abroad, particular...
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Global Critical Minerals Outlook 2025 Overview of outlook for key minerals
…driven by declining ore quality, particularly in more mature markets such as copper. Expected supply from announced projects suggests improving supply-demand balances, with major exceptions for copper and lithium Based on the project pipeline in the base case, overall supplies of some key energy minerals are on track to meet projected demand under today’s policy settings in the STEPS. Copper and lithium are major exceptions where expected mined supply from announced projects falls short of projected demand in 2035, with implied deficits of 30% for copper and 40% for lithium in the STEPS. The supply gap for copper…
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National Climate Resilience Assessment for Algeria
Algeria’s energy system already faces significant disruption due to extreme weather events. Critical infrastructure has been impacted in recent years by flash floods, drought-induced wildfires and heatwaves. With the climate projected to warm more rapidly than the global average, these risks are likely to intensify. Proactive measures to enhance the resilience of Algeria’s energy system could offer substantial benefits.Algeria has experienced significant warming, averaging 0.49 °C per decade from 2000 to 2023 and exceeding the global average of 0.37 °C per decade. Temperatures are expected to rise further, reaching up to 5.6 °C above pre‑industrial levels…
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Brazil 2025 Executive summary
…the benefits of energy transitions are widespread for all citizens and can be leveraged to accelerate economic opportunities and reduce inequalities. As part of this effort, the jobs potential from the energy transition could be considerable, but it is not fully understood in terms of the number of jobs, sectors and skills requirements. A comprehensive jobs planning and workforce mapping exercise would help maximise opportunities, building off successful local programmes. Brazil should also look to identify opportunities to expand clean cooking access to all families, including exploring the inclusion of electricity into clean cooking options. A successful energy transition in…
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Wired for water: How electrification is transforming desalination
…water-energy nexus Pressure on water resources is increasing worldwide and can be very acute at the local level. Rising consumption across sectors combined with population growth in already water-stressed regions is intensifying water scarcity. Desalination has long been developed to supply fresh water in the most affected areas, with significant implications for the energy system: energy use ranges from under 0.1% to as much as 15% of total final consumption, depending on national reliance. However, a shift is underway from thermal desalination technologies to electricity-driven systems as the Age of Electricity reshapes the water-energy nexus…
