-
Global Critical Minerals Outlook 2025 Innovation in mining, refining and recycling to promote diversification
…times with the use of artificial intelligence (AI). Innovations such as AI-based geological exploration can reduce drilling costs by up to 60% and increase discovery success rates by as much as four times. Technologies that enable rare earth extraction from ionic adsorption clay deposits could significantly reduce capital intensity and waste generation, opening up new production opportunities in countries such as Australia, Brazil, and Uganda. International collaborations can also play a vital role in addressing technology bottlenecks in building diversified supplies Diversifying supply sources face significant technological and cost bottlenecks that stem from gaps in processing expertise, environmental regulations…
-
Global Critical Minerals Outlook 2025 Regional snapshots
…45% to 50% of global refining market share. The rest of Asia is also emerging as a key player. Southeast Asia’s mining sector is set for rapid growth with a focus on nickel, cobalt and rare earths. Japan and Korea are investing in overseas assets and promoting recycling. India is moving to unlock untapped reserves. Australia, a major player in global critical mineral supply chains, continues to expand its mining activities, alongside efforts to move up the value chain, supported by robust environmental, social and governance standards and government financing support. Africa seeks to leverage its resources to maximise…
-
Ramping up Heat Pumps in Moldova: A Roadmap Heat pumps in Moldova
…heating either via air (air-to-air heat pumps) or water (air-to-water heat pumps). Air-to-air heat pumps are common in the United States, Canada, the People’s Republic of China (hereafter “China”), Australia, Norway and Sweden, where they typically supply heating (and cooling) through ductwork or by installing multiple units in various rooms of a building.Air-to-water heat pumps – also known as hydronic heat pumps – use a water-based distribution system to provide warm water to radiators. These are most common in countries that historically have gas-based hydronic heating systems, such as Germany…
-
Coal Mid-Year Update 2025 Supply
…Collieries Company Limited (SCCL), the second largest producer in India, experienced a decline of 2.5 Mt.Indonesia, the world’s third-largest producer, increased output by 8% to 836 Mt, supported by high domestic demand and increasing export volumes, particularly to China. In Australia, production increased around 3% to 475 Mt, despite heavy rainfalls in the beginning of the year. The United States saw a 11% drop, mainly due to a halt in the stock building in 2024. Mongolia’s production jumped by 21% as Chinese import demand strengthened. South African production increased by 1%, as power outages impacted growth…
-
Coal Mid-Year Update 2025 Trade
…reaching 549 Mt, largely driven by strong demand from China. Australia also recorded a modest increase, with exports rising by 3% to 209 Mt. Colombia’s thermal coal exports grew by 8%, reaching 59 Mt. In contrast, Russia’s thermal coal trade faced headwinds. Western sanctions, logistical disruptions, and declining profitability contributed to a significant decline in Russian thermal coal exports.Global trade in metallurgical coal reached an all-time high of 369 Mt in 2024, supported by strong demand from key steel-producing countries in Asia. Australia, the world’s largest exporter of metallurgical coal, maintained stable export volumes…
-
Global Hydrogen Review 2025 Executive summary
…using electrolysis and those using fossil fuels with carbon capture utilisation and storage (CCUS), although electrolysis projects were responsible for more than 80% of the total drop. These delays and cancellations included early-stage projects across Africa, the Americas, Europe and Australia. At the same time, the number of projects that have received a final investment decision grew by almost 20% since the publication of the Global Hydrogen Review 2024 and now represent 9% of the total project pipeline to 2030.Despite the recalibration of industry plans, low-emissions hydrogen production is expected to grow strongly by 2030. Low-emis...
-
Global Hydrogen Review 2025 Policies
…public funding of nearly USD 21 billion. Almost three-quarters of the policies are from advanced economies. In a change from previous years, specific calls are being opened and projects selected across Europe, India, and at a global level with H2Global. The same is true for tax incentives, which are now fully defined in Australia, Canada, Finland, Morocco and the United States.Certification is progressing, with the ISO standard on track to be fully in place by 2025/2026. This can serve as a guideline for countries that are still developing their schemes. India launched its certification scheme, and the European Union has now…
-
Global Methane Tracker 2026 Strategies to speed action
…data easier to collect. That, in turn, can support mine-level plans to use or abate the gas.Most of the coal industry has yet to commit to tracking or reducing its methane emissions. Some companies take part in initiatives like the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) Group of Experts on Coal Mine Methane and Just Transition, or the Global Methane Initiative. Others address methane within broader climate or sustainability strategies. For example, the Australian group BHP has pledged to minimise fugitive methane “to the greatest extent technically and commercially viable,” using existing or emerging technologies. Anglo Ameri...
-
Executive Director meets with Prime Minister of Australia to discuss urgent energy challenges facing Asia-Pacific region
Meetings in Canberra amid Middle East crisis also include bilateral with Climate and Energy Minister and address to high-level audience in Great Hall of Parliament House IEA Executive Director Fatih Birol met today with Prime Minister Anthony Albanese of Australia and other senior government figures in Canberra to discuss the significant energy market challenges facing the Asia-Pacific region due to the war in the Middle East, as well as measures that could help ease pressures on consumers. The effective closure of the Strait of Hormuz amid the conflict has slowed a significant portion of the world’s oil…
