Global Hydrogen Review 2025

Policies

Highlights

  • Announced public funding for low-emissions hydrogen decreased by nearly two-thirds compared to the Global Hydrogen Review 2024 (GHR-24), to a cumulative USD 38 billion, but a larger share of funds is now making its way to specific projects. Several programmes in the European Union, India, Japan and United Kingdom have progressed to the second phase or beyond, with new calls building on learning from the first phase.
  • Almost 90% of the public funding comes from advanced economies; other policy instruments like land allocation, tax incentives and reduced administrative procedures remain more common among emerging markets. The supply side still receives more support, equal to USD 1.5 for every USD 1 targeting demand.
  • Publication of new hydrogen strategies slowed down, with five new strategies since GHR-24. Some strategies were updated, such as in France, which reduced its electrolyser target to 4.5 GW by 2030 (from 6.5 GW), whereas Spain tripled its target to 12 GW by 2030. Chile and the European Union missed their electrolyser targets for 2024 and 2025, respectively.
  • Progress was made on the demand side, but it is still trailing supply. 112 demand-side policies have moved forward since GHR-24, frequently in the form of grants and sectoral quotas. Legislated policies could trigger demand for nearly 6 Mtpa of low-emissions hydrogen by 2030, while government demand targets add up to 9.5 Mtpa; production targets are in the range of 27-33 Mtpa.
  • On the supply side, 114 policies have advanced since GHR-24, with a total public funding of nearly USD 21 billion. Almost three-quarters of the policies are from advanced economies. In a change from previous years, specific calls are being opened and projects selected across Europe, India, and at a global level with H2Global. The same is true for tax incentives, which are now fully defined in Australia, Canada, Finland, Morocco and the United States.
  • Certification is progressing, with the ISO standard on track to be fully in place by 2025/2026. This can serve as a guideline for countries that are still developing their schemes. India launched its certification scheme, and the European Union has now recognised schemes and certification bodies that can certify renewable hydrogen and ensure compliance with EU mandates.
  • Infrastructure regulation has gained clarity, with several European countries defining the methodology for tariff-setting and cost recovery during early periods of low utilisation. Solutions include intertemporal cost allocation and subsidies.
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