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Electricity Mid-Year Update 2025 Prices: Trends in wholesale markets differ across regions
…in various regions, including Europe, the United States and Japan, amid higher gas prices. By contrast, countries such as India and Australia saw lower wholesale prices compared to the previous year in the face of varying demand and generation trends, among other factors. At the same time, a number of markets continued to observe an increase in the occurrence of negative electricity prices. A detailed discussion of negative electricity prices and their drivers can be found in our Electricity 2025 report. Higher gas prices put upwards pressure on European and US electricity prices In the European Union, wholesale electricity prices…
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World Energy Outlook 2022 Outlook for energy demand
…soon after at around 103 million barrels per day as electric vehicles (EVs) and efficiency gains undermine its prospects.The tone for accelerated clean energy development this decade in advanced economies is being set by new policy packages and government plans and targets, notably those set out in: Inflation Reduction Act (United States); RePowerEU plan and Fit for 55 package (European Union); Climate Change Bill (Australia); and GX Green Transformation (Japan). While not all national energy and emissions targets are reached in the STEPS, advanced economies still see declining demand for all fossil fuels by 2030 – a first in the STEPS…
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Electricity Market Design Executive summary
…as system pressures grow. Short-term markets remain effective for operations, but long-term markets need strengthening to support investment and risk management Short-term markets have been broadly effective in maintaining reliable and efficient operations even as systems become more complex. In the markets analysed across parts of Europe, the United States, Australia and Japan, electricity has been securely supplied more than 99.9% of the time over the past five years. Short-term markets have enabled efficient scheduling, transparent price formation and broad participation across a diverse set of resources and actors. In Europe, the day-ahead market…
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Coal 2025 Trade
…country in history, followed by India (237 Mt) and Japan (162 Mt). Together, these three countries represented over 60% of global coal imports. On the export side, Indonesia remained the top exporter with 555 Mt, primarily thermal coal, followed by Australia (363 Mt) and Russia (198 Mt), which directed 75% of its exports to Asia in 2024. Combined, these three countries accounted for nearly 74% of global coal exports in 2024.After years of growth, global coal trade is expected to decline by 5% to 1 468 Mt in 2025, reversing the previous upward trend. Thermal coal trade is set to decrease by 6% to 1 111 Mt, while met coal…
- Executive summary
- Demand
- Supply
- Trade
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Coal 2025 Investments in coal projects and emissions abatement
…net growth of the more-advanced pipeline amounts to 101 Mtpa.In terms of annual tonnage capacity, the projects are concentrated in Australia (58%), followed by Russia (13%) and Indonesia (8%). Due to the still limited transparency in some countries, these figures should be interpreted with caution.Some trends observed last year have continued. In Russia producers are advancing infrastructure development in the Far East to support specific coal projects. In Africa there is renewed interest in projects in Mozambique. Australia is progressing with met coal developments, while market conditions have driven the sale of several assets to larger mining firms…
- Executive summary
- Demand
- Supply
- Trade
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The Value of Demand Flexibility Executive summary
…cost-effective demand shifting. By improving the use of existing generation and network assets, demand flexibility can raise system efficiency by up to 30% and deliver greater value.Strengthen energy security. Demand flexibility reinforces electricity security and system resilience by reducing peak demand and lowering reliance on fuel imports. Recent events in California, Western Australia, and France demonstrate this capability, where customers reacted quickly to support system operators, rapidly reducing consumption and helping avoid system crises such as blackouts.Enhance affordability. Shifting electricity consumption to lower-cost hours can offer financial benefits for consumers directly through smart tariffs. For instance…
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Global Energy Review 2026 Technology: Electric vehicles
…quarter of 2025. Emerging market and developing economies outside China continued to see significant growth in electric car sales, registering an annual increase of around 80%. In 2025, electric car sales in these countries reached volumes equivalent to Australia’s total annual car sales. This was in part supported by growing imports from China as intense domestic competition pushed Chinese manufacturers to seek export markets. In India, annual sales of all EVs reached a new record of 2.3 million units as electric car sales increased by over 75%. Electric car sales in Southeast Asia more than doubled in 2025…
- Key findings
- Global trends
- Oil
- Natural gas
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Global Energy Review 2026 Technology: Battery storage
…shares of PV.China continued to lead battery deployment in 2025, accounting for around 60% of global additions, followed by the United States and Europe. However, deployment is widening beyond the largest markets, with strong momentum in Australia and parts of the Middle East, where storage is increasingly seen as a key building block for electricity security and renewables integration.Battery-based uninterruptible power supplies (UPS) – primarily in data centres – also saw significant growth, with capacity additions rising 30% to 45 GW in 2025. However, unlike battery storage systems, UPS generally only provide short‑duration backup to bridge outages until other…
- Key findings
- Global trends
- Oil
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Global Hydrogen Review 2026 Executive summary
…a result, fertiliser production costs have increased worldwide, as urea prices doubled between January and May 2026. These pressures have been compounded by rising natural gas prices and export restrictions imposed by major suppliers. Even modest reductions in fertiliser use can lead to declines in crop yields, posing risks to the food supply chain. The risk is particularly acute in import-dependent agricultural economies, such as Morocco, which meets all its demand for ammonia with imports, 40% of which come from the Middle East, or Brazil, Australia, South Africa and Thailand, which meet all their demand for urea with imp...
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Global Energy Review 2025 Electricity
…United States. Strong demand for cooling, growth in the data centre sector and a pickup in industrial production were important factors behind this trend. The European Union’s electricity consumption grew by about 1.5% in 2024, compared with near-zero growth on average from 2003 to 2023. Other advanced economies, including Australia and Korea, also saw upticks in the pace of electricity demand growth.In India, the pace of electricity consumption growth slowed in 2024 compared with 2023, representing a normalisation after extremely unfavourable weather drove up demand in 2023. In Southeast Asia, on the other hand, consumption jumped…
- Key findings
- Global trends
- Oil
- Natural gas
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+ 3 pages
