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Energy Efficiency Policy Toolkit Appliances
Introduction Appliances represent 45% of electricity demand in buildings and are responsible for almost 3 gigatons (Gt) of CO₂ emissions. Doubling the global annual energy intensity improvement by 2030 would require appliances to become 30% to 40% more efficient. An integrated policy approach combining regulation, information and incentives is the most effective way to achieve this goal. Regulations such as minimum energy performance standards (MEPS) can ensure that the least efficient equipment is not sold on the market. MEPS also encourage suppliers to increase the efficiency of the appliances they produce, accelerating the improvement of efficiency on the market. In…
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Unlocking Ukraine’s Hydrogen Opportunity: A Roadmap Policy recommendations for the coming 2-3 years
Prioritise deployment of renewables to boost energy security and create an enabling environment for future hydrogen development Ukraine currently lacks adequate power generation capacity and restoring energy security must be a priority. Any activity focused on accelerating deployment of renewables will have positive spillover effects for hydrogen, by building experience across the workforce and companies and helping to build confidence among potential investors. This will also indirectly reduce the cost of capital by reducing the uncertainties related with renewable electricity generation. Similarly, any efforts related to permitting and administrative processes for renewables can also support the creation of standardised processes…
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Coal Mid-Year Update 2025 Supply
…stock building in 2024. Mongolia’s production jumped by 21% as Chinese import demand strengthened. South African production increased by 1%, as power outages impacted growth of domestic coal demand. Despite sluggish coal demand, 2025 is set to be another record year for coal production In 2025, we expect global coal production to rise slightly to 9.2 Bt, setting a new record. This increase is once again led by China and India, with China’s output growing by 6% year-on-year during the first six months of the year. However, the same period in 2024 marked a low…
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Breakthrough Agenda Report 2025 Fertilisers
…improved nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), use of inhibitors to reduce losses, crop rotation and land sparing, with residual emissions sequestered in the soil.NUE varies across regions, but the global average needs to increase from 55% to 70% by 2050 in the above scenario, more than doubling the recent annual growth rate. Recommendations Standards, definitions and certification Governments should convene a multi-stakeholder process to move towards common understandings of definitions for low- and near-zero emissions fertilisers that encompass the full fertiliser production chain from hydrogen and ammonia synthesis to final product formulation. This should look to develop harmonised…
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- Power
- Hydrogen
- Road transport
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Gas Market Lessons from the 2022-2023 Energy Crisis Introduction
Over the course of 2022 and 2023, the largest natural gas supply shock in history unfolded, developing from seemingly regional dynamics into a global shockwave in gas and wider energy markets. The crisis has yet to be entirely resolved in the 3 years that have since passed. However, the post-crisis gas market paradigm has started to emerge, making it possible to draw lessons from the most acute phase of the crisis that can be transposed from one region or market to another, or that can be achieved through collective action across the wider gas market. While gas dependency can…
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Brazil 2025 Policy recommendations for Brazil
Energy and climate policy landscape 1. Ensure that PLANTE serves as a coherent, overarching plan for the national energy transition that achieves a sustainable and balanced economic and social transformation for Brazil.2. Review all government spending across energy sources to realign in support of PLANTE. People-centred clean energy transitions 3. Introduce an integrated people-centred framework for the energy transition.4. Implement whole-of-government energy transition workforce mapping and planning to ensure opportunities in local communities are optimised.15. Integrate electricity into the portfolio of options for clean cooking access for families. Investment and financing 6. Pursue…
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Ramping up Heat Pumps in Moldova: A Roadmap Executive summary
…main energy security challenge. Replacing natural gas-fired heating technologies with heat pumps would improve the country’s energy security. The recent expansion of Moldova’s solar and wind capacity also means that heat pumps can now play a greater role in cutting greenhouse gas emissions and lowering local air pollution. Finally, Moldovan’s 2024 referendum, endorsing the goal of European Union membership, underscores the country’s commitment to European integration. Outlining an effective path to decarbonise energy use is a prerequisite for joining the bloc and heat pumps can play a central role in this. Overcoming barriers to heat…
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World Energy Investment 2025 India
…investment in renewables, led by solar PV, which constitutes more than half of total non-fossil investment over this period. In 2024, 83% of power sector investment went to clean energy. India was also the world’s largest recipient of development finance (DFI) funding in 2024, receiving around USD 2.4 billion in project-type interventions in clean energy generation. This helped bring the share of non-fossil power generation capacity to 44% in 2024, approaching India’s target of 50% by 2030. India has announced a range of measures to facilitate and support investment in non-fossil power generation, domestic manufacturing…
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Sustainable Transport Policy for Armenia: A Roadmap Policy recommendations and milestones
As Armenia shifts toward a sustainable transport sector, a clear roadmap with structured policy recommendations and milestones is essential. To be sure, the transition faces challenges ranging from geopolitical risks to resource limitations. However, it also offers significant opportunities to lower CO2 emissions, improve transport accessibility for people and businesses, enhance regional and international connectivity and wean Armenia from its dependence on imported fossil fuels.In the summary below, the recommendations offered in this roadmap have been grouped into three categories to help the government prioritise its actions effectively and ensure a systematic transition toward low-carbon mobility. Each category…
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Energy Efficiency 2025 Industry
How and where is energy used? Total final consumption in 2024 was over 450 EJ and has grown by around 25 EJ since 2019. Industry accounts for the largest share of this demand, at nearly 40%. Industry saw the strongest growth since 2019, contributing two-thirds of the total increase in global energy demand. The industrial sector can be divided into energy-intensive industries, responsible for three-quarters of total industrial demand, and less intensive industries, which are responsible for the remainder.In energy-intensive industries, energy is largely used in processes that require high-temperature heat, generally above 500°C. Efficiency improvements…
