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Renewables 2021 Biofuels
…or 5 billion litres, in 2021 compared to a scenario where mandates remained unchanged or were increased as planned. By August 2021 biofuel prices had increased by between 70% and 150% across the United States, Europe, Brazil and Indonesia, depending on the market and fuel, from average 2019 prices. For comparison, crude oil prices increased by 40% over the same time period.While overall biofuel demand returns to 2019 levels this year even with slower growth, the recovery is uneven. Ethanol demand remains 4% below 2019 levels in 2021 and does not fully recover until 2023. High ethanol prices in…
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World Energy Outlook 2022 Key findings
Introduction Each energy crisis has echoes of the past, and the acute strains on markets today are drawing comparison with the most severe energy disruptions in modern energy history, most notably the oil shocks of the 1970s. Then, as now, there were strong geopolitical drivers for the rise in prices, which led to high inflation and economic damage. Then, as now, the crises brought to the surface some underlying fragilities and dependencies in the energy system. Then, as now, high prices created strong economic incentives to act, and those incentives were reinforced by considerations of economic and energy security.But…
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Outlook for Biogas and Biomethane Key findings
…report in 2020, with more than 50 new policies introduced around the world. High natural gas prices during the height of the global energy crisis in 2022 strengthened interest in the potential for biogases, driving growth in biogas consumption. Today’s sustainable production potential for biogases is nearly 1 000 bcme, equivalent to a quarter of global natural gas demand. By 2050, this increases to nearly 1 400 bcme with average costs falling by 20%, driven primarily by increased crop yields, technological learning effects and economies of scale. 80% of the sustainable potential for producing biogases is in emerging market…
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Global EV Outlook 2026 Executive summary
…slightly, in part due to a temporary halt to its trade-in scheme, but EVs still accounted for nearly 55% of all car sales. In the United States, electric car sales remained relatively stable at just under 10% of car sales, though the end of EV tax credits coincided with a drop in sales at the end of the year. Meanwhile, some emerging markets saw steep increases in electric car sales. In Southeast Asia, annual sales more than doubled to reach a sales share of nearly 20%, led by Viet Nam, Indonesia and Thailand. In Latin America, sales grew by 75%…
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World Energy Outlook 2025 Executive summary
…sit alongside oil market balances showing a large surplus of supply over demand.Countries are prioritising energy security and affordability but are reaching for different levers to achieve them. Some, including many fuel-importing countries, lean towards renewables and efficiency as solutions. Others focus more on ensuring ample supplies of traditional fuels.There are fractures in the international system and uncertainties over the outlook for trade, but energy trade is more important than ever. Abundant supplies of oil, solar panels, batteries and, before long, liquefied natural gas (LNG) create strong incentives for producers to seek out international markets.There is…
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World Energy Investment 2025 Executive summary
…set to reach USD 1.5 trillion in 2025, some 50% higher than the total amount being spent on bringing oil, natural gas and coal to market. There is also increasing expenditure on the electrification of end-uses, largely reflecting the additional cost of buying an electric vehicle (EVs) versus an internal combustion engine model, even though many EV models being sold in China – the leading market for sales – are now competitive on an up-front basis with their conventional equivalents.Spending on low-emissions power generation has almost doubled over the past five years, led by solar PV. Investment in solar…
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Global Methane Tracker 2025 Accelerating industry action
…and gas reporting and mitigation initiative of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). Since 2023, around 20 new companies joined OGMP 2.0, bringing coverage to just over 40% of global oil and gas production.OGCI’s Aiming for Zero Methane Emissions Initiative aims to eliminate all methane emissions from the oil and gas sector by 2030. OGCI also facilitates peer-to-peer learning through its role as the secretariat of the OGDC, which includes knowledge-sharing and collaboration programmes to disseminate solutions. With the recent inclusion of PetroChina, the OGDC’s membership now accounts for around 40% of global oil and gas…
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Household Energy Affordability Executive summary
…America, by contrast, saw residential natural gas prices rise by around 5% in 2025, though they remain well below prices in Europe and other importing regions.The prices paid by households for energy vary widely from country-to-country, reflecting not just the cost of supply but also various additional levies, taxes and subsidies. For gasoline, taxes can account for as much as 70% of the final price charged to consumers, as is the case in some countries in Europe. It can also be subsidised and delivered at prices below market value, as in many parts of the Middle East…
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Coal Mid-Year Update 2025 Supply
Regardless of mixed regional trends in 2024, coal supply reached an unprecedented level Global coal production reached a record 9.15 Bt in 2024, driven primarily by strong output in China, India and Indonesia. Domestic coal is the largest source of energy supply in both China and India making coal production central to their energy security strategies. After shortages in 2021, both countries boosted production, a push that lasted a few years to reach an all-time high in 2024. China remained the largest producer, maintaining output at 4 666 Mt. Although Shanxi, traditionally the largest coal producing province, reduced production by…
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Coal 2025 Demand
…a new record. The increase of around 40 Mt compared with 2024 is very similar to the forecast we made last year. While there were some unusual regional trends, they had the effect of cancelling each other out. The United States posted the largest absolute gain of about 37 Mt, supported by policy measures and higher gas prices. In the European Union (EU) the decline in coal demand slowed, mostly due to wind droughts in the first half of the year. And although India has been the engine of growth in recent years, in 2025 its coal demand has been falling.Meanwhile, China’s…
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