World Energy Outlook 2025
About this report
The IEA’s flagship World Energy Outlook (WEO) is the most authoritative source of global energy analysis and projections. Updated annually to reflect the latest energy data, technology and market trends, and government policies, it explores a range of possible energy futures and their implications for energy security, access and emissions.
The WEO covers the whole energy system, using a scenario-based approach to highlight the central choices, consequences and contingencies that lie ahead. It includes exploratory scenarios that flow from different assumptions about existing policies, as well as normative pathways that achieve energy and emissions goals in full. The multi-scenario approach illustrates how the course of the energy system might be affected by changing key variables, including the energy policies adopted by governments around the world.
This year’s edition comes amid major shifts in global energy policies and markets, and acute geopolitical strains. Governments are reaching different conclusions about the best ways to tackle concerns about energy security, affordability and sustainability. As always, the World Energy Outlook provides unrivalled insights into the consequences of different energy policy and investment choices. An important theme in this year’s WEO is security of supply of critical minerals.
This episode of IEA's Everything Energy podcast walks through the key findings of the report with its lead authors.
Explore this report with AI Tips for using the IEA WEO GPT
Understand the limitations: This agent has been trained on the content of the IEA's World Energy Outlook 2025 and World Energy Outlook 2025 Free Dataset to make it easier to explore and understand the analysis it contains. The agent has access to a general knowledge base for training purposes, but it cannot access additional sources materials or online resources. For detailed or official interpretations, please refer to the full report or contact the International Energy Agency.
Be clear and specific: Provide detailed and specific instructions to get the most accurate and relevant responses. For example, instead of asking "Tell me about energy trends," try, "Summarize the key findings on renewable energy capacity from the World Energy Outlook 2025."
Ask one question at a time: To ensure clarity and focus, ask one question at a time. This helps the agent provide a more precise and helpful response. If the response isn’t what you expected, rephrase or refine your query to better guide the agent.
Provide context when needed: If your question relates to a specific section or chapter of the World Energy Outlook 2025, mention it in your prompt. For example, "Explain the projections for global oil demand in Chapter 3 of the World Energy Outlook 2025."
Specify desired format: If you need the response in a particular format such as a list or summary, mention it in your prompt. For example, "List the key points from the executive summary of the World Energy Outlook 2025."
Clarify scenario, region and timeframe: When asking for data, be specific about the scenario and region you are interested in. For example, "Provide data on electricity generation from renewables by decade in the Stated Policies Scenario for Europe."
Use comparative analysis: Take advantage of the agent’s capability to compare data across scenarios, regions, or timeframes. For example: "Compare solar power generation in Asia under the Stated Policies Scenario versus the Current Policies Scenario for 2035."
Use natural language: Feel free to ask questions or make requests in a conversational manner. The agent is designed to understand and respond to natural language inputs. Use follow-up questions to dive deeper into the topics. For example, after asking, “What are the key trends in natural gas demand,” you may ask, “How do these trends differ across scenarios in Europe?” If you’d like to start a conversation anew simply say, “Start over”.
Be patient: Complex queries may take a moment to process. Please be patient while the agent generates a response.
Global Energy and Climate Model
Over the past four years, the IEA has worked to develop a new integrated modelling framework: the IEA’s Global Energy and Climate (GEC) Model. This model is now the principal tool used to generate detailed sector-by-sector and region-by-region long-term scenarios across IEA's publications, including the World Energy Outlook series and Energy Technology Perspectives series.
In 2021, the IEA adopted for the first time a new hybrid modelling approach relying on the strengths of both models. The integrated framework of the IEA’s Global Energy and Climate Model (GEC Model) is now the principal tool used to generate detailed sector-by-sector and region-by-region long-term scenarios across IEA publications, including the World Energy Outlook series and Energy Technology Perspectives series.
Download the GEC Model Methodology document for an in-depth description of the overall approach and features of the model, and download the GEC Model Key Input dataset for selected key input data.