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Energy and AI AI and energy security
…reliable access to energy to meet an economy’s needs; second, the affordability of this energy with limited volatility in prices; and third, resilience against energy market shocks – or the ability of the energy system to quickly recover from them.A notable use case of AI towards the security of critical energy infrastructure is in places that are typically hard for humans to access. For example, the use of automated surveillance using unmanned maritime systems enabled by AI to secure critical undersea energy infrastructure. Similarly, AI-based predictive maintenance is revolutionising energy infrastructure management by ensuring reduced downtime and improved…
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Portugal 2026 Executive summary
Thanks to steady expansion of hydropower, wind power generation and solar photovoltaics (PV) in recent years, Portugal has one of the lowest carbon intensities of electricity generation among IEA Member countries. Portugal is entering a mid‑transition that requires managing two interconnected energy systems that are moving in opposite directions: one is based on renewables and electrification and must scale up rapidly; the other is a legacy fossil fuel system that must decline in an orderly way to avoid stranded assets and price shocks. Electricity is becoming the central pillar of energy security and the main driver of emissions reductions.Portugal…
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Outlook for Biogas and Biomethane Key issues affecting biogas and biomethane projects
…However, estimates put the methane leakage rate of agricultural biogas plants between 2% and 5.5%, and wastewater treatment plants at nearly 8%. To put these figures in context, the global average methane emissions leakage rate for oil and gas production was around 1.2% in 2024. Several strategies exist for reducing methane emissions from biogas: best practices during production (e.g. reducing filling levels in the digester to avoid emergency pressure releases of gas), covered storage of digestate, combustion of off-gases during biomethane upgrading to capture biogenic CO2, and use of leak and repair programmes to resolve issues…
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Vehicle software and software-defined vehicles
GEVO 2026 - Chapter 8 The transition from mechanical to software-based vehicle control has been underway for decades and has accelerated dramatically with the rise of EVs. Pure-play EV makers have pioneered the shift towards high-level, continuously updateable software-based vehicle control, speeding up the development and rollout of new features. Vehicles are evolving into software platforms for which users can access subscription‑based premium features, in the same way as for smartphones. A new design paradigm is emerging, with EVs at the forefront The digital transformation of the car industry is most evident in the emergence of software…
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Finland
Finland has one of the most ambitious climate targets, a legal obligation to reach carbon neutrality by 2035. It is making progress towards this target and has one of the lowest levels of reliance on fossil fuels among IEA member countries. Finland’s forests, which historically offset significant greenhouse gas emissions, have become a net emissions source. A continued push towards the energy transition is needed, as imported fossil fuels still account for over one-third of energy supply and cover higher shares in transport and key industries.
- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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+ 5 pages
![Finland Flag]()
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Breakthrough Agenda Report 2025 Power
…the region deliver ambitious Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), in addition to continued support for the COP 28 Global Renewables and Energy Efficiency Pledge.At the G20 Summit in Brazil in 2024, more than a dozen countries launched the Global Clean Power Alliance (GCPA) to speed up the deployment of low-emissions power generation. The GCPA Finance Mission was launched to close the financing gap in emerging markets and, in the lead-up to COP 30, the GCPA aims to define how high-quality investment planning can facilitate greater private sector investment.At COP 28, 200 countries made a landmark pledge to triple renewable…
- Executive summary
- Power
- Hydrogen
- Road transport
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+ 4 pages
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World Energy Outlook 2025 Achieving access for all
…requires USD 4 billion each year for clean cooking from now until 2040, and around USD 23 billion each year for electricity until 2035. While it is encouraging that private sector involvement is expanding, public and concessional financing remains vital to attract capital to underserved segments, especially in riskier markets where public finances are constrained. Expanding energy access can support productivity improvements in agriculture and local industry, helping to drive broader economic and energy demand growth. However, the speed at which energy demand increases once access has been gained may be constrained by the cost of energy, the affordability of new equipment and appliances…
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Breakthrough Agenda Report 2026 Buildings
Buildings
- Executive summary
- Hydrogen
- Road transport
- Steel
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+ 3 pages
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Ramping up Heat Pumps in Moldova: A Roadmap Status and key indicators
…and develops financing programs that combine external funds, state budgets and energy efficiency obligations.The Ministry of Environment has a broad ecological remit to ensure energy policies align with sustainability goals, promote efficient energy consumption and support renewables. Moldova’s regulatory authority in the energy sector is the National Agency for Energy Regulation (ANRE). It oversees market regulation and approves prices and tariffs for electricity, natural gas and district heating, as well as water and sewage.The National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) is the country’s main statistical body. It defines statistical methodologies, conducts national surveys and collects and processes…
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Adam Brown
Former Senior Energy Analyst.
