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Sheltering From Oil Shocks Infographic: Overview recommended measures
Infographic: Overview recommended measures
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The Implications of Oil and Gas Field Decline Rates Executive summary
Discussions on the future of oil and gas often overemphasise demand drivers and underappreciate supply drivers Debate over the future of oil and natural gas tends to focus on the outlook for demand, with much less consideration given to how the supply picture could develop. This asymmetry is misplaced and a thorough understanding of the rate at which production from existing oil and gas fields declines over time is more important than ever. The International Energy Agency (IEA) has long examined this issue. Decline rates – the annual rate at which production declines from an existing oil or gas field – underpin…
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Policy options to accelerate distributed solar PV in Ukraine Policy options and implications
Overview of policy instruments for distributed solar PV deployment Globally, government policies and incentives have been the main driver for distributed PV deployment. These instruments can be differentiated between 1) policies targeting investment costs and 2) policies focusing on consumption and the sale of electricity.Policies targeting investment costs usually take the form of direct financial incentives that aim to reduce initial investment costs and make distributed PV systems more affordable for consumers. They include:Grants and rebates: a fixed subsidy, usually with a one-time payment.Tax credits: amounts taxpayers can subtract from taxes, usually based on a percentage…
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Global Hydrogen Review 2026 Production
Global hydrogen production remains dominated by unabated fossil fuels. Low-emissions hydrogen production reached almost 1 Mt in 2025 and is expected to register record growth in 2026, accounting for more than 1% of global production, strongly concentrated in China, Europe and North America.Installed electrolysis capacity doubled in 2025 to surpass 4 GW, thanks to the commissioning of several large-scale projects in China. More than 2.5 GW are under construction, targeting operation in 2026. Growth is expected mostly in Europe, with 2 GW, but is highly concentrated in a small number of big projects.One large project for production from fossil…
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Denmark
Denmark has been an early leader in decarbonisation and in 2022 the government announced a net zero by 2045 target, aiming at 110% emissions reductions by 2050. Denmark’s technology leadership is important in the areas of offshore wind, biomethane and district heating. The government has expanded these categories to adopt a strategic focus on carbon capture and storage (CCUS) and hydrogen. The government has a robust energy and climate governance under the Danish Ministry of Climate, Energy and Utilities and ‘the year wheel’ of Climate Act of 2020 ensures annual policy actions and funding. Among IEA countries, Denmark has…
- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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Renewables 2025 Renewable transport
Renewable energy in transport is set to expand 50% to 2030 With greater use of renewable electricity, liquid biofuels, biogases and renewable hydrogen and hydrogen-based fuels, renewable energy consumption in transport is expected to rise 50% by 2030. The largest share of this growth (45%) will come from renewable electricity used for electric vehicles, especially in China and Europe.Road biofuels contribute the second-largest share (35%), with significant growth in Brazil, Indonesia, India and Malaysia, supported by tightening mandates and rising fuel demand. Aviation and maritime fuel use makes up 10% of growth, primarily owing to mandates in…
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Global Methane Tracker 2026 Policy trends
Existing policies and regulations would cut energy sector emissions by 25% by 2035 – far short of high-level goals National ambitions to lower emissions have grown significantly in recent years, with many new countries signing onto methane commitments. High-level methane pledges now cover around 80% of global fossil fuel production, up from around 50% in 2021. This includes the Global Methane Pledge (GMP), which today includes more than 150 countries and covers more than 50% of emissions from human activity worldwide. Launched in 2021 at the 26th United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP26), the GMP commits participating countries to…
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Global EV Outlook 2025 Trends in heavy-duty electric vehicles
Electric bus and truck sales The electric bus market continued to expand, backed by increasingly favourable economics Electric bus sales grew by 30% in 2024Global sales of electric buses reached more than 70 000 in 2024, driven by renewed growth in China. Sales outside of China increased by just 5% in 2024, although they have almost tripled compared to 2020. As electric bus sales have increased in a range of countries, China’s share of global sales has fallen from around 99% in 2017 to less than 70% in 2024. Although electric bus sales in China generally declined from 2017 to…
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Electricity Mid-Year Update 2025 Prices: Trends in wholesale markets differ across regions
Average wholesale electricity prices in the first half of 2025 rose year-on-year in various regions, including Europe, the United States and Japan, amid higher gas prices. By contrast, countries such as India and Australia saw lower wholesale prices compared to the previous year in the face of varying demand and generation trends, among other factors. At the same time, a number of markets continued to observe an increase in the occurrence of negative electricity prices. A detailed discussion of negative electricity prices and their drivers can be found in our Electricity 2025 report. Higher gas prices put upwards…
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Venezuela
The Venezuela Plan for the National Electric System aims to integrate renewables in the power system by including it in medium and long-term strategies. It aims to develop the use of renewables within isolated rural communities including solar, small hydro and biogas.
- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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+ 5 pages
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