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Energy Efficiency Policy Toolkit Buildings
Introduction Buildings account for about 30% of final energy consumption globally and more than half of electricity consumption. Doubling the global annual energy intensity improvement by 2030 would require buildings to become more efficient rapidly. An integrated policy approach combining regulation, information and incentives is the most effective way to achieve this goal. Regulatory standards such as building energy codes are among the most effective policies to not only boost energy performance and reduce emissions, but also to improve occupants' health, comfort and productivity – while enhancing climate resilience and mitigating energy price fluctuations. Buildings built after a code is introduced can…
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Global EV Outlook 2026 Electric vehicle batteries
Electric vehicle battery deployment Electric vehicle battery deployment grew by almost 30% in 2025 Electric vehicles (EVs) remained the primary source of global battery deployment, accounting for more than 70% of the total in 2025, slightly down from almost 80% in 2024. In 2025, EV battery deployment reached 1.2 TWh, an increase of almost 30% compared to 2024, and more than 7 times greater than in 2020. Light‑duty vehicles remained the dominant segment, representing more than 85% of the 2025 EV battery deployment. However, the fastest growth came from electric trucks, for which battery demand more than doubled – largely thanks…
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Electricity Mid-Year Update 2025 Prices: Trends in wholesale markets differ across regions
…compared to 2025.Negative prices are becoming more common in many markets across Europe. The share of hours with negative prices on the wholesale market reached 8-9% in the first half of the year in countries such as Germany, Netherlands and Spain – up from 4-5% in 2024. Germany saw an increase in wholesale electricity prices in H1 2025 (+37%), with average prices slightly below USD 100/MWh. In addition to the higher gas prices compared to 2024, the significant reduction in wind power generation due to less favourable weather conditions also contributed to the price rise. To meet demand…
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Global Energy and Climate Model Macro drivers
…tax levels and vary by country. Population We use the medium variant of the United Nations projections as the basis for our population growth. In this variant, global population growth slows over the coming decades, but the total population nonetheless rises from 8.1 billion in 2024 to 9.6 billion in 2050. Population growth in the medium variant is not linear, and the rate of growth slows over time.Demographic trends differ by country and region. Ageing populations and slowing fertility rates mean the size of the population in 2050 is expected to be smaller than today in the European Union…
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Global Methane Tracker 2026 Policy trends
Existing policies and regulations would cut energy sector emissions by 25% by 2035 – far short of high-level goals National ambitions to lower emissions have grown significantly in recent years, with many new countries signing onto methane commitments. High-level methane pledges now cover around 80% of global fossil fuel production, up from around 50% in 2021. This includes the Global Methane Pledge (GMP), which today includes more than 150 countries and covers more than 50% of emissions from human activity worldwide. Launched in 2021 at the 26th United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP26), the GMP commits participating countries to…
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Global EV Outlook 2026 Trends in electric cars
Electric car sales Electric car sales topped 20 million globally in 2025 One in four new cars sold worldwide was electric in 2025The electric car market reached new highs in 2025, growing by 20% from 2024 to exceed 20 million sales, in line with expectations in the 2025 edition of the Global EV Outlook. The sales share of electric cars in the overall car market increased to 25%. This marked the fifth consecutive year in which annual electric car sales increased by about 3.5 million, a trend that began in 2021 after the Covid‑19 pandemic. As a result, about 5% of the…
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What Next for the Global Car Industry The importance of the growth in EV sales for the car industry
…nickel-based batteries because of their superior energy density, Chinese manufacturers succeeded in advancing lithium iron phosphate (LFP) chemistries, which rely less on critical minerals and are therefore cheaper. By 2024, all OEMs either sold or planned to sell cars with LFP batteries, though China maintains a near-monopoly on the technology.The automotive industry spent around 5% of its revenues on R&D in 2015-2023. Although Chinese OEMs on average invested significantly less, spending only 2% of revenues on R&D in 2016, investment has risen in recent years and accounted for 5% of their revenues in 2024.
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Pledges to Progress 2025 Pledges to Progress Company Assessment
The assessment shown below sets out actions reported by 116 oil and gas companies to achieve the goals set out in the Oil and Gas Decarbonisation Charter, agreed at COP28. It is a baseline assessment, in that the evaluations for each metric are based on public company reporting published in 2024, which often rely on data and progress from 2023, i.e. before the OGDC was launched.This is not an assessment of environmental performance. It tracks 25 specific aspects of target-setting, implementation strategies and disclosure, based on a framework put together by the International Energy Agency (IEA), the…
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Global Energy and Climate Model Net Zero Emissions by 2050 Scenario (NZE)
…NZE Scenario in 2025, while maintaining the end point of net zero energy-related CO2 emissions by 2050, in order to provide an up-to-date analysis of the current state of efforts to meet the Paris Agreement target of 1.5 °C and additional efforts needed to achieve it in the current context.Consequently, while the NZE Scenario still achieves the COP28 energy goals of doubling the pace of annual efficiency improvements and tripling the installed capacity of renewables, it sees a slightly less rapid transition, with higher emissions in the near term than in previous WEO editions. Warming exceeds 1…
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Electricity 2026 Executive summary
…which electricity is a major energy input to some of the most dynamic drivers of global economies, such as artificial intelligence (AI), data centres and advanced manufacturing. In 2025, advanced economies accounted for almost 20% of global electricity demand growth, up from 17% in 2024. We expect this share to remain near the 20% level on average over the forecast period, driven by expanding industrial activity and the continued growth of data centres, electric vehicles and other end‑uses of electricity. In the United States, electricity demand rose by 2.1% in 2025 and is projected to grow by nearly 2…
- Executive summary
- Demand
- Supply
- Grids
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