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Mongolia
Coal is the first source of electricity generation in Mongolia, but the country has recently begun using hydro, solar and wind power, and has adopted a law aiming to increase and regulate the use of renewables.
- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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+ 5 pages
![Mongolia Flag]()
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Universal Access to Clean Cooking in Africa Executive summary
…in Africa are being delivered. The International Energy Agency’s (IEA) Summit secured USD 2.2 billion in commitments from public and private sectors and policy pledges from twelve African governments. Since then, USD 470 million has been disbursed, well above the annual average required to ensure the Summit’s financing commitments are fully delivered by 2030.Most people in sub-Saharan Africa live in countries that have accelerated their clean cooking efforts since 2024. Based on the latest tracking, more than 70% of Africans without access live in countries that have strengthened their clean cooking policy frameworks since 2024, with 40 new policies…
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Botswana
Coal production is set to increase in Botswana, but exports remain limited and mainly involve trade with neighbouring countries. Regarding electrification rates, the country has recently made good progress through a large push for mini-grid and off-grid solutions in rural areas.
- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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+ 5 pages
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Global EV Outlook 2025 Trends in heavy-duty electric vehicles
…are driving the transition, like in Europe. In Mexico, close to 8% of all bus sales were electric in 2024, up from just above 1% in 2023. There has also been impressive growth in Colombia, Chile, Brazil, and other countries over the past few years. Another notable trend is the decline in the share of PHEVs among electric buses. In China, the share of PHEVs in total electric bus sales peaked in 2014 at around 60%, but fell to less than 1% in 2017 and close to 0% in 2024. Similarly, in the rest of the world, there was a…
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Breakthrough Agenda Report 2025 Cement and concrete
State of the transition Emissions Total CO2 emissions are higher today than in 2015. Reductions in recent years have come from declines in global production, while direct CO2 emissions intensity remains unchanged.Both need to fall in the coming years to get on track for net zero by 2050, with contributions from improved material efficiency, greater use of alternative fuels and supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs), and CCS. Cost Production costs for early commercial plants for near-zero emissions cement using CCS are estimated to be 75-150% higher than today’s conventional plants, varying by region.This cost premium will…
- Executive summary
- Power
- Hydrogen
- Road transport
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+ 4 pages
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Indicators Handbook for Just and Inclusive Energy Transitions Purpose and Development of the Handbook
…by promoting transparency and accountability.Drive local support for clean energy transitions by making data visible and accessible to the public.Highlight the different benefits of clean energy developments, from health and gender equality outcomes to employment opportunities.Help monitor the social and economic impacts of energy transitions, including potential risks or unintended consequences.Enable comparability across jurisdictions, helping identify trends, gaps, and best practices.The development and use of indicators can help governments build stronger national data systems. It can strengthen institutional capacity for evidence-based decision making, mobilise technical and financial support for improved data collection and analysis…
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Eritrea
Less than half of the population of Eritrea has access to electricity. Most of the country's electricity generation comes from imported oil.
- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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+ 5 pages
![Eritrea Flag]()
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Coal 2025 Prices and costs
…Rotterdam Antwerp ports (ARA) including cost, insurance and freight (CIF) averaged USD 101/t in 2025, down 10% y-o-y but still about 12% higher than the 2017-2019 average of USD 90/t. South China including cost and freight (CFR) (5 500 kcal/kg) averaged USD 83/t in 2025, 20% lower than in 2024, yet still approximately 9% above the 2017-2019 average of USD 76/t.The most pronounced y-o-y price adjustment occurred at Newcastle, reflecting softer supply–demand dynamics for high-CV seaborne coal in the Pacific Basin. While ARA prices also declined, the drop was less severe, supp...
- Executive summary
- Demand
- Supply
- Trade
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+ 2 pages
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Global Methane Tracker 2025 Accelerating industry action
…the greatest potential for cost-effective abatement. We estimate that around 25 Mt of methane emissions from upstream operations (40% of all upstream oil and gas methane emissions worldwide) could have been avoided at no net cost in 2024. Well over 15 Mt of emissions could have been avoided through measures with internal rates of return exceeding 25% – well above the thresholds that oil and gas companies typically require for capital investment. Methane plume from a flare in Russia, 2024 The global average methane intensity of upstream oil and gas has fallen by around 10% since 2019. Yet despite this progress…
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China’s Official Energy Finance in Emerging and Developing Economies Case 3. Saudi Arabia’s first green full-process heavy plate mill project
Project overview and impact Saudi Arabia is pursuing an ambitious industrial transformation under Vision 2030, including efforts to localise heavy industries, expand low-carbon manufacturing and diversify export capacity. Steel demand is expected to grow steadily due to investment in hydrogen, ammonia, shipbuilding, offshore engineering and large-scale infrastructure. However, the country currently imports nearly all of its heavy plate steel, and domestic production has lagged the needs of an economy shifting towards more capital-intensive sectors and cleaner industrial processes.A new heavy-plate complex developed jointly by China Baowu Steel Group, Saudi Aramco and the Public Investment Fund…
