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Global Hydrogen Review 2026 Demand
…Based on projects that have at least reached a final investment decision (FID), 2.5 Mt is expected to be produced and consumed in refineries and industrial facilities by 2030.Fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV) stock grew 20% in 2025, to almost 130 000, due to truck sales in China and a rebound of car sales in Korea. Policies in these countries are the main driver behind a projected tripling of stock by 2030, with trucks and buses accounting for around 60% and 30% of hydrogen use.In shipping, uncertainties around the implementation of the International Maritime Organization (IMO) Net-Zero Framework…
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Global Energy Review 2025 Electricity
…United States. Strong demand for cooling, growth in the data centre sector and a pickup in industrial production were important factors behind this trend. The European Union’s electricity consumption grew by about 1.5% in 2024, compared with near-zero growth on average from 2003 to 2023. Other advanced economies, including Australia and Korea, also saw upticks in the pace of electricity demand growth.In India, the pace of electricity consumption growth slowed in 2024 compared with 2023, representing a normalisation after extremely unfavourable weather drove up demand in 2023. In Southeast Asia, on the other hand, consumption jumped…
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Global EV Outlook 2025 Trends in heavy-duty electric vehicles
…on-year growth of more than 70% between 2020 and 2024, electric bus sales declined in 2024 following a peak the previous year. Around 40% fewer electric buses were sold last year, in part due to supply chain issues. As a result, India and Korea overtook the United States to become the second- and third-largest national electric bus markets by sales volume in 2024, with more than 3 200 and 2 800 sales, respectively. In Latin America, electric bus sales have risen from around 600 in 2020 to over 2 000 in 2024, which accounts for almost 40% of sales outside of China…
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Global EV Outlook 2025 Trends in the electric car industry
…the country’s total output, followed by Japanese and EU OEMs contributing equally to the remaining 30%. Meanwhile, Canada’s output paled in comparison to its neighbours, remaining constant from 2023 at 25 000 vehicles.Electric car production also increased in Asia Pacific countries other than China to reach about 1 million. While incumbent carmakers such as Japan’s Toyota and Korea’s Hyundai were behind most of the region’s output, emerging EV players like VinFast in Viet Nam or Tata in India were responsible for an increasing share of production, growing from 10% in 2023 to 15% in 2024. In In...
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Global EV Outlook 2025 Electric vehicle batteries
…developing economies other than China are expected to double their share of EV battery demand, from nearly 5% in 2024 to 10% in 2030. The share of global demand in the European Union and other advanced economies, such as the United Kingdom, Canada, Japan and Korea, is also projected to grow, while the share of the United States is projected to decline from about 13% in 2024 to less than 10% by 2030. Meanwhile, China’s share of global battery demand declines from 60% in 2024 to just under 50% by 2030, although it remains by far the single largest source of demand…
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Electricity Mid-Year Update 2025 Supply: Renewables grow the most, followed by gas and nuclear
…and will continue to rise in 2026. This is fuelled by restarts in Japan, commissioning of new reactors in China, India, Korea and other countries, along with robust output in the United States and France. We forecast global nuclear generation to grow on average close to 2% over the period 2025-2026.Global gas-fired generation is expected to increase by 1.3% in 2025 and reach a new high, following growth of 1.9% in 2024. The gains in 2025 are driven by continued oil-to-gas switch in the Middle East and sustained growth in gas-fired generation…
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Coal Mid-Year Update 2025 Trade
…and high stockpiles is expected to reduce coal import by around 76 Mt. In India, the continued expansion of domestic thermal coal production is expected to significantly outpace demand growth in 2025. As a result, India’s reliance on thermal coal imports is projected to decline to just over 150 Mt. Japan and Korea are expected to see higher output from their nuclear fleets, and tempered demand due to economic uncertainty. Both factors reduce their combined demand for coal until April by 8 Mt and, for the full year, this figure is set to increase to 14 Mt. Among the biggest importers…
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World Energy Outlook 2025 Regional insights
…making swift progress on access to modern energy, and seeing their economies and their demand for energy grow strongly. Energy security is a key determinant of energy policies. While energy security is a broad term that includes affordability and supply chain resilience, an often cited metric is import dependence on fuels, notably oil, natural gas and coal. Several large economies are net importers of energy. These include Japan, Korea, European Union, India and China. Others, notably the Middle East, Eurasia, Africa and the United States, are net exporters of energy. A high level of import dependence can act as a…
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What Next for the Global Car Industry The global car industry in context
…USD 2.9 trillion per year, making it one of the largest markets for a single product. The car industry accounts for around 6% of gross value added by manufacturing, or around 1% of global GDP in 2024. The European Union, Japan, Korea, China and the United States account for around 80% of the value added in global car manufacturing. The car industry adds value in other sectors, such as steel, for which it represents over 10% of demand in advanced economies. In the European Union, for each EUR 1 million in motor vehicle sales in 2022, an average of EUR 1.4 million…
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What Next for the Global Car Industry Policy and strategic actions
…by-doing”; scaling up battery manufacturing and the skills to support it; selecting the most competitive battery chemistries and innovating the next generations; securing dependable critical minerals supplies; and minimising energy costs for manufacturers.Each country and region has its own strengths and priorities, and national circumstances vary. But there are five main archetypes that can help explain how differences can inform distinct strategies: regaining ground internationally (e.g. European Union, United Kingdom); sharpening EV advantages (e.g. Japan, Korea); playing to domestic strengths (e.g. Canada, Mexico, United States); investing for balanced growth (e.g. Thailand, Indonesia, Morocco, Brazil, South Africa, Türkiye)…