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Scaling Up Transition Finance What is transition finance?
Developments and current status Many energy investments defy a simple binary classification between “clean” and “dirty”: there are also the “in-between” investments that can deliver material emissions reductions but that do not bring emissions to zero. These investments have historically been difficult to categorise due to differences in energy pathways and timeframes across regions and have been the subject of debate, including over whether and how they should be supported.Transition finance refers to financial activities that can contribute to emissions reductions, particularly in hard-to-abate sectors as well as in emerging market and developing economies (EMDE) where…
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Indicators Handbook for Just and Inclusive Energy Transitions Introduction
…in November 2024. The principles, which reflect varying perspectives, contexts and experiences, form a framework for approaching transitions that maximises benefits and mitigates the risk of unintended consequences. Designed as a technical resource, the Indicators Handbook provides guidance for governments and other stakeholders on identifying relevant indicators as a first step towards tracking policy design and implementation in line with the G20 Principles for Just and Inclusive Transitions. The Handbook provides tools for tracking progress, evaluating the effectiveness of existing or planned programmes, and supporting the design of just and inclusive energy policies.Recognising the diversity of national energy systems…
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George Kamiya
Former Energy Policy Analyst. George Kamiya leads the IEA’s analysis on the energy and climate impacts of digitalisation and works on modelling and policy aspects of other emerging topics, including critical minerals, cybersecurity, and new mobility services. He contributes to several IEA flagship reports including the World Energy Outlook, World Energy Investment, and Tracking Clean Energy Progress.
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Global Energy Review 2026 Technology: Heat pumps
…China and Japan were largely flat, while Europe saw a strong return of demand. Sales in the United States declined.In China, heat pump sales stayed broadly stable. Reversible air conditioners (used as primary heating equipment) make up about half the Chinese heat pump market, and while record-breaking sales of air conditioners supported strong demand in the first half the year, they fell sharply in the second half. Sales of air-to-water and hot water heat pumps, which make up the remainder of the market, remained at similar levels to 2024.In Europe, annual sales rose by 11…
- Key findings
- Global trends
- Oil
- Natural gas
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+ 9 pages
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China’s Official Energy Finance in Emerging and Developing Economies Case 1. Uzbekistan 1-GW Solar PV Project
…overseas and the growing demand for invest-and-operate models in EMDE markets. In February 2023, CEEC signed a memorandum of understanding with the Uzbekistan Energy Ministry and committed to developing a total of 2-GW of solar power in Uzbekistan. As part of its commitment, a 1-GW solar photovoltaic (PV) complex project, consisting of two 500-MW solar farms, was built in the Bukhara and Kashkadarya regions, with two farms developed largely in parallel. The first 400 MW entered commercial operation in December 2023, and the remaining 600 MW was commissioned in June 2024. Energy China acted as…
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Unlocking Ukraine’s Hydrogen Opportunity: A Roadmap The hydrogen opportunity
…and electrolysis. This is equivalent to 50% of the national gross domestic product in 2024 and 45-65% higher than the investment needed to reconstruct the entire energy system after the war. If this investment is funded with a cost of capital of 15%, interest payments could reach USD 165-175 billion (in nominal terms) over the entire lifetime of the assets. Introduction This chapter is forward-looking, highlighting the potential barriers and opportunities for the development of renewable hydrogen. This includes the potential for production and export and how it compares with potential importers and competitors, and potential demand, including for…
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What Next for the Global Car Industry Timeline of corporate strategies
This infographic tracks the evolution of corporate strategies for electrification and electric car sales from some of the world’s biggest carmakers and pure-play electric car manufacturers.
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Global Hydrogen Review 2026 Africa
Hydrogen use in Africa reached 3.1 Mt in 2024, about 3% of the global total. Hydrogen production accounted for about 6% of the region’s gas demand and 2% of regional CO2 emissions. Hydrogen use is concentrated in 6 countries (out of 54), with Egypt representing nearly half, followed by Algeria (20%), Nigeria (17%), South Africa (5%), Libya (5%) and Equatorial Guinea (3%). Ammonia production accounted for nearly three-quarters of hydrogen demand.Today, only 6 kt of low-emissions hydrogen are produced in Africa, exclusively from renewables. The hydrogen project pipeline to 2030 has 31 projects, which could allow increasing…
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Coal Mid-Year Update 2025 Trade
…demand from key steel-producing countries in Asia. Australia, the world’s largest exporter of metallurgical coal, maintained stable export volumes at 153 Mt. Mongolia, the second-largest exporter, recorded a 5% increase, reaching 56 Mt, with all volumes directed to the Chinese market. The United States and Russia increased exports by 11% each to 52 Mt and to 49 Mt respectively. In contrast, Canada experienced a decline in export volumes during the year. Global coal trade set to reverse course in 2025 Looking ahead to 2025, we expect global coal trade to decline, reversing the upward trend observed in 2024…
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Ramping up Heat Pumps in Moldova: A Roadmap A pathway for heat pumps
Heat pumps can strengthen Moldova’s energy security, independence, air pollution and emissions, and even improve energy affordability. Given the regional turmoil – notably in the energy sector – over the past three years and into early 2025, there is a compelling case for reducing natural gas consumption by deploying heat pumps. While Moldova is only beginning to realise its heat pump potential, this presents a significant opportunity to design the system effectively – by stimulating demand, expanding supply, financing the transition and establishing clear regulations. A comprehensive approach will help to ensure a steady and orderly deployment. The following table recommends specific…
