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Global Methane Tracker 2025 Regional insights
Central and South America The fossil fuel sector in Central and South America emitted around 8 Mt of methane in 2024, about 45% of which were from oil and gas facilities in Venezuela. Oil and gas facilities are the main sources of methane emissions in Venezuela, Argentina and Brazil, and coal mines are the largest source in Colombia.The upstream methane emissions intensity of oil and gas operations in Venezuela is six times the global average, and its flaring intensity is ten times the global average. Operations in Argentina and Ecuador are around twice the global average, while Brazil and Colombia…
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Global EV Outlook 2026 Outlook for electric mobility
Vehicle outlook by mode By 2035, the fleet of EVs across all vehicle types except two/three-wheelers (2/3Ws) exceeds 450 million globally in the Current Policies Scenario (CPS) – more than five times as many EVs as there were at the end of 2025. CO2 and fuel economy standards, especially for new light-duty vehicles (LDVs), are the main driver of rising EV sales outside of the People’s Republic of China (hereafter, “China”). In China and a few other emerging markets, the competitive economics of EVs already support continued adoption in the CPS. Elsewhere, however, EV sales stall, particularly…
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Global EV Outlook 2025 Trends in other light-duty electric vehicles
…in programme for electric bicycles in 2024, boosting their sales. Urban commuters, in particular, may be attracted by e-bikes as a lower-cost alternative that enables access to bike lanes and areas where 2Ws are banned. As the Chinese market for electric 2Ws continues to decline, the country’s OEMs are looking abroad for growth opportunities. China’s largest electric 2W manufacturer, Yadea, broke ground on a USD 150 million new assembly plant in Indonesia in 2024, which has a planned output of 3 million vehicles by 2028 (likely to also include e-bikes). In recent years, Chinese OEMs have also established...
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Global Hydrogen Review 2025 Trade and infrastructure
Highlights Trade is a major driver of project announcements. Nearly 45% of low-emissions hydrogen from announced production projects is intended for export, exceeding 16 Mtpa H₂-eq by 2030 if all materialise. Yet export-oriented projects are less likely to reach the investment stage, with only 5% having done so. These projects tend to be large scale, lacking off-takers. More than half are in emerging and developing economies, where affordable capital and export infrastructure may be limited.Some governments are supporting the large-scale offtake of low-emissions hydrogen by providing funds for long-term premiums through competitive auctions. However…
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Global Methane Tracker 2026 Policy trends
Existing policies and regulations would cut energy sector emissions by 25% by 2035 – far short of high-level goals National ambitions to lower emissions have grown significantly in recent years, with many new countries signing onto methane commitments. High-level methane pledges now cover around 80% of global fossil fuel production, up from around 50% in 2021. This includes the Global Methane Pledge (GMP), which today includes more than 150 countries and covers more than 50% of emissions from human activity worldwide. Launched in 2021 at the 26th United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP26), the GMP commits participating countries to…
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Renewables 2025 Executive summary
…social acceptance continue to drive the accelerating adoption of solar PV. Wind power faces supply chain issues, rising costs and permitting delays – but global capacity is still expected to nearly double to over 2 000 GW by 2030 as major economies like China and the European Union address these challenges. Hydropower is set to account for 3% of new renewable power additions to 2030. The faster growth of pumped storage plants between 2025-30 leads to a much greater increase in hydropower compared with the previous five years. In 2030, annual geothermal capacity additions are expected to reach a historic high…
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Demand and Supply Measures for the Steel and Cement Transition Executive summary
The seeds for producing and using near-zero emissions materials have been planted, but acceleration is needed The industry sector requires a massive scale-up of markets for transformative near-zero emissions materials to contribute to the achievement of internationally-agreed government objectives for net zero emissions. Such scale-up requires the production and use of these materials to grow from essentially zero today to capture nearly the entire market within the next few decades, shifting away from high-emissions conventional production and demand. The steel and cement sectors account for 14% of global energy and process-related emissions on…
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Renewables 2025 Biogases
Policy attention to biogas and biomethane has increased significantly in the past five years Since 2020, more than 50 new policies have been introduced around the world, as more countries recognise the potential role of biogas and biomethane in the transition to sustainable energy systems. Several key factors are driving this surge. First is the growing importance of energy security following the energy crisis triggered by Russia’s invasion of Ukraine and recent geopolitical developments. Second is the need to accelerate decarbonisation in hard-to-abate sectors, together with growing emphasis on methane emissions reductions. Third, countries are paying more…
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Global Hydrogen Review 2026 Africa
…reducing exposure to price volatility. If Africa were to achieve its fertiliser use targets, it would create demand for 1.5 Mt of hydrogen, although more than 80% of the announced ammonia capacity is intended for exports.Today, over 80% of Africa’s ironmaking capacity is based on direct reduced iron (DRI), which provides a strong basis for blending hydrogen with natural gas in existing and new plants. Africa is a net exporter of iron ore, and iron ore production could more than double by 2030 should plans materialise. Integrated strategies combining iron ore, natural gas, renewables and demand could allow…
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Breakthrough Agenda Report 2025 Fertilisers
State of the transition Emissions Around 60-70% of fertiliser-related GHG emissions occur during fertiliser use; the rest occur during production. In total, fertilisers emit around 1.23 Gt CO2 equivalent per year globally.The emissions intensity of ammonia has fallen by 1.1% annually over the last 10 years, driven primarily by improvements in energy efficiency. Cost Excluding policies such as CO2 pricing, ammonia production today is estimated to cost on average 30% more using carbon capture and storage (CCS) and three times more using electrolysis when compared to conventional routes. Scale and narrowing price differentials with fossil fuels can…
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