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The Value of Demand Flexibility Executive summary
…on fossil fuels during peak periods, demand flexibility can lower the carbon intensity of the power system by shifting consumption away from peak hours, when emissions are generally higher, sometimes by as much as 70% compared to off-peak times.These benefits are increasingly important as energy systems evolve. Three trends are driving the need for increased demand flexibility:Rising electricity consumption and changing patterns are creating new peaks and straining power systems. Global electricity demand increased by more than 4% in 2024 and is set to continue rising as economies grow and sectors electrify. Peak demand is outpacing average…
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Sustainable Transport Policy for Armenia: A Roadmap Accelerating sustainable transport
…several institutional hurdles that complicate efforts to advance sustainable transport governance. While the 2019 merger of the former Ministry of Energy Infrastructures with the Ministry of Transport into the Ministry of Territorial Administration and Infrastructure (MTAI) has helped improve co-ordination on transport-related issues, high staff turnover threatens institutional memory and disrupts continuity. A lack of strong monitoring systems also makes it difficult to track policy implementation and measure progress.Co-ordination with the newly established Climate Policy Department within the Ministry of Environment remains limited – particularly on issues that indirectly affect climate reporting, such as transport infrastructure development…
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Renewables 2022 Transport biofuels
…Finland high fuel prices prompted the government to temporarily lower its renewable distribution obligation for 2022/23. Sweden froze 2023 greenhouse gas targets for transport fuels at 2022 levels. However, 2030 targets remain unchanged. Robust growth over the next five years will help meet climate and energy security goals Total global biofuel demand expands by 35 000 MLPY or 20% over 2022-2027 in the main-case forecast. Growth in renewable diesel and biojet fuel consumption is almost entirely in advanced economies. Here, policies designed to reduce GHG emissions are driving demand because these fuels can be produced with low…
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Outlook for Biogas and Biomethane Key findings
Biogases are a hidden solution to many of today’s energy security and sustainability challenges. They turn waste into sustainable, low-emissions fuels. The attraction of biogases lies in the integration of energy, environment, waste and emissions policies and targets. Biogas can be used directly as heat by households and industry, and to produce electricity. Biomethane, which is an upgraded form of biogas, is a locally sourced, drop-in substitute for natural gas. This report assesses the global potential and costs of developing biogas and biomethane using a first-of-a-kind geospatial analysis. It provides detailed country- and region…
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Energy Technology Perspectives 2026 Supply chain risks and industrial competitiveness
Supply chain risks Supply chain security remains a challenge: Clean energy technology manufacturing is highly geographically concentrated, with China as the main supplier in most supply chain stages. China accounts for around 85% of solar and 80% of lithium-ion battery supply chain production capacity, and even higher shares for PV wafers (95%) and anode materials (97%). Cybersecurity considerations further enhance the importance of addressing security of supply. An “N-1” assessment, which models the impact of losing the largest exporter in each supply chain, shows that for the final downstream stages of most of the four technologies examined – solar…
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What Next for the Global Car Industry Timeline of corporate strategies
This infographic tracks the evolution of corporate strategies for electrification and electric car sales from some of the world’s biggest carmakers and pure-play electric car manufacturers.
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Gas Market Report, Q1-2026 Executive summary
The unfolding LNG wave is expected to drive stronger gas demand growth in 2026 2025 was a transitional year for natural gas markets. While supply fundamentals remained tight in the first half of the year, strong LNG production growth gradually eased market conditions starting from July. Following a relatively strong increase in 2024, global gas demand growth slowed markedly in 2025 due to a combination of weaker industrial activity and relatively high spot LNG prices in the first half of the year. Market opening reforms continued to gather pace in Asia while the European Union reached a historic decision to…
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Global Critical Minerals Outlook 2025 Executive summary
…and processing. Between 2020 and 2024, growth in refined material production was heavily concentrated among the leading suppliers. As a result, the geographic concentration of refining has increased across nearly all critical minerals, particularly for nickel and cobalt. The average market share of the top three refining nations of key energy minerals rose from around 82% in 2020 to 86% in 2024 as some 90% of supply growth came from the top single supplier alone: Indonesia for nickel and China for cobalt, graphite and rare earths. Our detailed analysis of announced projects suggests that progress towards more diversified refining supply...
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Universal Access to Clean Cooking in Africa Executive summary
…financing commitments made at the 2024 Summit on Clean Cooking in Africa are being delivered. The International Energy Agency’s (IEA) Summit secured USD 2.2 billion in commitments from public and private sectors and policy pledges from twelve African governments. Since then, USD 470 million has been disbursed, well above the annual average required to ensure the Summit’s financing commitments are fully delivered by 2030.Most people in sub-Saharan Africa live in countries that have accelerated their clean cooking efforts since 2024. Based on the latest tracking, more than 70% of Africans without access live in countries that have strengthened their…
