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China’s Official Energy Finance in Emerging and Developing Economies Case 2. Southern power grid’s acquisition of Enel Peru distribution assets
…modernisation has lagged behind regional leaders, and the expansion of renewable capacity will require more robust and flexible distribution systems. Enel Distribución Perú, the country’s largest distributor, has played a central role in supplying Lima and Callao since the 1990s. When Enel announced in 2022 that it would divest from several international markets, including Peru, as part of a broader debt-reduction strategy, the sale opened an opportunity for a long-term investor with strong operational expertise.Against this backdrop, China Southern Power Grid International (CSGI) – a subsidiary of China Southern Power Grid (CSG), one of China’s two…
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Czechia 2025 Executive summary
The Czech Republic (Czechia) aims to phase out coal at an almost unprecedented pace. The IEA commends Czechia for such an ambitious phase-out. Coal is a major fuel source in Czechia, currently providing more than one-third of Czechia’s electricity and half of its district heating. Coal-fired plants are slated for retirement by 2033, but economic drivers may close them earlier. This would be an extraordinary transformation of Czechia’s energy system. The transition from its fossil fuel legacy can be a springboard to building a vibrant clean energy economy. But it is not without challenges, such…
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Scaling Up Transition Finance Executive Summary
Successful transitions need finance that goes where the emissions are Actions by the world’s most emissions-intensive sectors, companies, and countries are crucial to placing the world on a sustainable pathway. Yet, investments that could deliver meaningful reductions in their environmental footprint often do not receive sufficient financial support. Currently, finance is drawn heavily to certain “green” assets and activities—most prominently renewable power. While vital, these investments alone cannot deliver all the changes needed to cut global emissions, especially in areas where clean technologies are not yet commercially available or cost competitive. This is where transition finance comes…
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Copper prices have hit record highs, but smelters face mounting strategic pressures
copper Copper markets enter uncharted territory as structural and short-term pressures converge Copper prices have surged to record highs this year, briefly exceeding USD 14 500 per tonne (intraday) in January 2026, having only passed USD 12 000 per tonne for the first time in December 2025. The unprecedented price levels have been driven by some important short-term developments, including supply disruptions at several major mines and a build-up of US copper inventories due to tariff uncertainty. But they have also been underpinned by some underlying factors, such as challenges in developing new copper mines and the…
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Electricity 2026 Reliability
Largescale outages amid system instability, equipment failures and weather impacts As the Age of Electricity evolves, with steadily rising electrification rates and electricity demand, blackouts can impact a vast part of economies and social life. Outages induced by operational failures, technical error, or climate-driven events illustrate the importance of redundancy, resilience, and thorough oversight. The following list of outage incidents in 2025 underscores how ensuring the security, reliability and resilience of power systems is evolving from a technical challenge to a strategic necessity that requires unwavering attention from system operators, regulators, and policy leaders. Voltage management increasingly important for…
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- Demand
- Supply
- Grids
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Mozambique
In Mozambique, around 40% of people have access to electricity, through the grid or mini/off-grid systems. The government has promoted solar PV solutions in rural areas, reporting that 700 schools and 800 other public buildings now have electricity from solar.
- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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+ 5 pages
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What Next for the Global Car Industry Executive summary
Fundamental shifts are reshaping global car markets The car industry is undergoing profound changes as electric car sales continue to rise and the geography of global car sales shifts. Global car sales approached 80 million in 2024 and have largely bounced back from their pandemic-related slump. Recent growth has been exclusively driven by sales of electric and hybrid cars, which made up around 30% of total car sales in 2024, while global sales of pure internal combustion engine (ICE) cars peaked in 2017 and have since fallen by 30%. By contrast, electric car sales grew more than 14-fold over…
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Chad
In Chad, only 4% of the population has access to electricity. This goes hand-in-hand with low rates of access to basic services such as drinking water, basic sanitation and paved roads. Meanwhile, crude oil has become the country’s primary source of export earnings. In 2019, Chad’s energy mix was dominated by biofuels and wastes (85%) with oil products accounting for the rest of the total energy supply. In 2020, less than 5% of the population had access to clean cooking and 8% had access to electricity. The electrification rate is one of the lowest in Sub…
- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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+ 5 pages
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Financing the ASEAN Power Grid Executive summary
…s resources. Previous analysis has found that higher levels of connectivity can significantly reduce operational costs, curtailment of variable renewable energy output and total generation capacity needs compared to a scenario of weak power system integration. Better utilisation of low-emissions generation can also prevent deepened dependencies on fossil fuel imports that are prone to supply shocks, as witnessed during the 2022-2023 global energy crisis which caused regional subsidies for fossil fuel consumption to soar. Optimising both variable renewable and flexible resources across countries requires a strong degree of trust, regulatory and technical co-ordination, robust business models, harmonised…
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Ukraine’s Energy Security As Ukraine heads into another heating season, six measures can help improve energy security
Air defence remains the best method to protect Ukraine’s critical energy and civilian infrastructure. However, there are other steps that can be taken to increase Ukraine’s energy security ahead of and during the coming winter. The IEA proposes six key actions for Ukraine and its partners to help address ongoing energy security challenges. Action 1: Boost protections for critical energy infrastructure and continue improving equipment supply chains Strengthening the security of critical energy infrastructure across Ukraine is vital to maintaining capacity this winter. A multilayered defence strategy, whereby air defence is combined with passive defence measures, can serve…
