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Breakthrough Agenda Report 2025 Hydrogen
…which is critical to minimise market fragmentation and ensure that trade is not limited to bilateral agreements.Referring to the emissions intensity of hydrogen in regulations can support a technology-neutral approach.Quantitative indicators for successNumber of countries with rules on emissions thresholds for hydrogen production using methodologies consistent with ISO standards.Share of global hydrogen production located in countries with rules on emissions thresholds for hydrogen production using methodologies consistent with ISO standards.Qualitative examples of collaborationThe IEA Hydrogen Technology Collaboration Programme (TCP) “Task” for the Certification of Hydrogen and Derivatives is developing a technical mutual recognition framework for…
- Executive summary
- Power
- Hydrogen
- Road transport
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Renewables 2021 Renewable electricity
…implementation challenges, including those relating to financing, permitting, social acceptance and grid integration. Current increases in commodity prices have put upward pressure on investment costs, while the availability of raw materials and rising electricity prices in some markets pose additional challenges for wind and solar PV manufacturers in the short term. However, the impact of volatile commodity and transport prices on demand are expected to be limited, as high fossil fuel prices improve the competitiveness of wind and solar PV further.Our accelerated case assumes that governments address policy, regulatory and implementation challenges in the next couple of years. The…
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What Next for the Global Car Industry Policy and strategic actions
Highlights As global electric car markets grow, countries that are home to car manufacturing operations are faced with the challenging task of ensuring that the industry retains its domestic footprint and international revenues, or even expands downstream to become a larger supplier of final products that add more value to the economy. Among other factors, uncertainty about the pace of electrification and the cost gap with Chinese production mean most countries face tough choices as they pursue near- and long-term strategies to boost industrial competitiveness.Where the car industry aims at pursuing electrification strategies, there are public and private…
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Buildings
Buildings
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Multiple Benefits of Energy Efficiency for Business The business value of energy efficiency
…and longer equipment lifetimes, while reduced material losses and waste further strengthen operational efficiency. Quality and reputation Energy efficiency often provides improved process control, enhancing output consistency and quality. Around 75% of companies report that energy efficiency measures reduce production defects. At the same time, more efficient production practices can strengthen brand image and market positioning, with more than half of consumers willing to pay a premium for products associated with efficient and sustainable production. Health and well-being By reducing pollution and improving indoor conditions, energy efficiency can significantly enhance worker health and well-being. Lower exposure to harmful…
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Universal Access to Clean Cooking in Africa Clean cooking infrastructure
…gaps and key considerations for expansion.Widening liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) distribution in sub-Saharan Africa requires the buildout of infrastructure. This includes additional primary storage – which is concentrated in oil producing states today – and improved port infrastructure, as 50% of LPG demand in the region is imported. On the distribution side, additional bottling facilities and specialised vehicles for safe transportation are required. With nearly 20 plants operating, cylinder manufacturing is a market segment where local players could have a competitive edge – provided quality meets international standards.Consumer uptake of electric cooking is on the rise globally, and in some countries…
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State of Energy Policy 2026 Government energy spending
…disbursed under these recovery packages.The largest share of government spending on energy has flowed to power generation and grid infrastructure, more than doubling since 2015 and reaching USD 135 billion in 2025. Recent years, however, have seen declines in spending locally, largely driven by shifts towards market-based mechanisms, with more than ten countries launching capacity auctions for solar PV and wind over the past five years. Notably, China reduced its renewables subsidies and phased out feed-in tariffs for new projects in 2025. Similarly, Germany’s corresponding budget position was paused in 2022 and 2023 due to high electricity prices…
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Pakistan
In Pakistan, most of the primary energy supply comes from oil and natural gas. Hydropower is the main renewable source of energy in the country but wind and solar PV’s shares are slowly growing. More than 40 million people remain without access to electricity and half the population lack access to clean cooking facilities.
- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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+ 5 pages
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Renewables 2025 Executive summary
…Indonesia, Japan, Türkiye, Kenya and the Philippines.The forecast for growth in global renewable power capacity is revised down slightly, mainly due to policy changes in the United States and China. The renewable energy growth forecast for the 2025-2030 period is 5% lower compared with last year’s report, reflecting policy, regulatory and market changes since October 2024. The forecast for the United States is revised down by almost 50%. This reflects several policy changes, including the earlier phase out of federal tax credits, new import restrictions, the suspension of new offshore wind leasing and restricting the permitting of…
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Slovenia
Slovenia has put in place a National Renewable Action Plan to 2020, which targets a 25% share of energy generation from renewable sources in gross final energy consumption and 39% of electricity demand met by electricity generated from renewable energy sources.
- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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+ 5 pages
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