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World Energy Outlook 2025 Net Zero Emissions by 2050
Acting now to limit overshoot The Paris Agreement set the global goal of limiting warming to well below 2 °C and pursuing efforts to limit it to 1.5 °C. The IEA Net Zero Emissions by 2050 Scenario (NZE Scenario) translates the 1.5 °C goal into a global pathway for the energy sector. The updated NZE Scenario presented here takes account of the most recent data and trends. Each country will tailor its own path to net zero emissions. The updated NZE Scenario is based on four central pillars that are widely applicable: clean energy electrification, energy efficiency, low-emissions fuels and methane abatement. The…
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Global Energy and Climate Model Net Zero Emissions by 2050 Scenario (NZE)
The International Energy Agency (IEA) was asked by the COP26 Presidency in 2021 to give an indication of what achieving the 1.5 °C goal would mean for the energy sector. Responding to this request, the Net Zero Emissions by 2050 Scenario (NZE Scenario) was developed. It represents a global pathway towards the goal of limiting global warming to 1.5 °C, but not the only possible one. The IEA has always been clear that there are various paths to reach this objective and that each country will have its own route. Since 2021, the IEA has updated its NZE Scenario each year…
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World Energy Outlook 2022 An updated roadmap to Net Zero Emissions by 2050
Introduction In 2021, the IEA published its Net Zero by 2050: A Roadmap for the Global Energy Sector, which sets out a narrow but achievable pathway for the global energy sector to reach net zero emissions by 2050. However, much has changed in the short time since that report was published.The global economy rebounded at record speed in 2021 from the COVID-19 pandemic, with GDP growth reaching 5.9%. As energy intensity improvements stalled, global energy demand increased by 5.4%. Surging energy demand was in part met by increased use of coal, resulting in a 1.9 gigatonnes…
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Energy Efficiency 2024 What is required to scale up energy efficiency investments by 2030?
…USD 650 billion per year today to about USD 1.9 trillion per year by 2030. The IEA highlights in its Taking Stock to Taking Action report how a comprehensive approach to energy efficiency action is the most effective way to accelerate progress, with an array of available diverse measures tailored to each country’s specific circumstances. In emerging economies, where many people are getting access to new modern accommodation and appliances for the first time, investments in technical efficiency dominate. This involves improving the performance of buildings through better insulation and appliances, including heating and cooling. Transport electrification also plays a role…
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Northwest European Hydrogen Monitor 2025 Executive summary
Low-emissions hydrogen can play a significant role in decarbonising energy systems and is critical to many countries’ efforts to meet their energy and climate targets. It can also reduce reliance on fossil fuel imports over the longer-term, bolstering energy security.Northwest Europe is at the forefront of low-emissions hydrogen development. The region accounts for around 40% of Europe’s total hydrogen demand. It has vast and untapped renewable energy potential in the North Sea, as well as substantial carbon storage capabilities. The region has a well-developed, interconnected gas network and underground storage sites that could be…
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China’s Official Energy Finance in Emerging and Developing Economies Case 6. CNOOC investment in Guyana: Whiptail Oil Field
…up to 250 000 barrels per day of new capacity, expanding output by almost 40% from today’s levels, further consolidating Guyana’s rapidly expanding offshore sector. As with the preceding developments (Liza Phases I–II, Payara, Yellowtail and Uaru), Whiptail is developed under a long‐term partnership between ExxonMobil (45%, operator), Hess (30%) and CNOOC (25%).For China, this project represents the continuation of a significant upstream presence in the region. With Stabroek resources now estimated above 11 million barrels, CNOOC’s 25% interest gives it exposure to one of the world’s most commercially attractive new oil provinces…
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State of Energy Policy 2026 Climate pledges
…submitted in 2016 (0.6%). However, it also implies a slower pace of abatement than the previous round of revised 2030 NDCs set at Glasgow, which included targets implying annual emissions reductions of about 1% until 2030.Advanced economies’ new NDCs imply the sharpest decrease in energy-related emissions, at 5.5% annually to 2035. They also represent the largest share of countries that have NDCs with mitigation rates aligned with their long-term climate pledges: 38 of the 41 advanced economies with a net zero emissions target have NDCs implying annual energy emissions reductions equal to, or greater than…
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Breakthrough Agenda Report 2025 Building
…As global built floor area is expected to grow by about 45% by 2050 – particularly in emerging markets and developing economies (EMDEs) with increasing demand for cooling – codes, standards and certifications for NZERBs will be increasingly important for ensuring efficient and resilient constructions and technologies.Quantitative indicators for successNumber of countries supporting internationally endorsed definitions and principles of NZERBs.Number of countries with building codes and other policies aligned with the definition and principles of NZERBs.Percentage share of projected new floor space to 2050 covered by building codes and standards aligned with the definition and principles of NZERBs.Qualitativ...
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Energy Technology Perspectives 2026 Deployment of clean energy technologies, materials and fuels
Outlook Many clean energy technologies are increasingly cost-competitive and growing strongly. Their aggregate market value has grown 20% on average per year since 2015 to reach nearly USD 1.2 trillion. Some 80% of global solar PV and wind generation now occurs at lower levelised costs than for coal or gas. Battery prices have dropped 75% since 2015, pushing electric car sales to around 25% share in 2025. Deployment increases in all IEA scenarios: in the Current Policies Scenario (CPS), their global market value nearly doubles to around USD 2 trillion in 2035, greater than the oil market in…
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COP28 Tripling Renewable Capacity Pledge 2025: Update Key Findings
New Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) show limited reflection of the pledge to triple global renewable capacity by 2030 agreed at COP28 Between COP28 and the end of COP30, only about two-thirds of NDCs have been updated (128) and fewer than half of these (53) explicitly reference the global tripling goal. Even fewer (32) contain quantifiable renewable capacity ambitions for 2030. NDCs continue to under-represent current government ambitions for installed renewable capacity by 2030 The NDC 3.0 round does not fully capture countries’ 2030 renewable capacity ambitions in all submitted NDCs. Including 2030 ambitions from previous NDC cycles, total…
