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Global Energy Review 2026 Global trends
…primary energy demand growth, the first time on record that a modern renewable source contributed the largest share of the growth in global energy demand. Natural gas followed, meeting around 17% of global demand growth. Oil contributed around 15%, followed by solid bioenergy and waste. Coal demand growth slowed, due to declines in China and India. In all, low-emissions sources contributed nearly 60% of total energy demand growth. This was despite almost no growth in hydropower due to poor hydrological conditions in some major regions. Demand for each of the three fossil fuels grew in 2025, albeit at a…
- Key findings
- Global trends
- Oil
- Natural gas
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Southeast Asia Energy Outlook 2026 Energy outlook to 2050 based on targets and pledges
…generation and faster renewables deployment. Oil demand peaks in the early 2030s and falls to around 3.9 mb/d by 2050 as transport electrification and efficiency gains accelerate. Natural gas demand peaks at around 205 bcm around 2030 before declining to about 110 bcm by 2050, as low-emissions alternatives expand across power, industry and end uses. Rapid electrification reshapes final energy consumption and reduces import exposure. Total final consumption reaches 26 EJ by 2035 in the APS, compared with 28 EJ in the STEPS, as stronger efficiency and electrification curb demand growth. By 2050, fossil fuel demand in…
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Global Hydrogen Review 2026 Africa
…in Africa reached 3.1 Mt in 2024, about 3% of the global total. Hydrogen production accounted for about 6% of the region’s gas demand and 2% of regional CO2 emissions. Hydrogen use is concentrated in 6 countries (out of 54), with Egypt representing nearly half, followed by Algeria (20%), Nigeria (17%), South Africa (5%), Libya (5%) and Equatorial Guinea (3%). Ammonia production accounted for nearly three-quarters of hydrogen demand.Today, only 6 kt of low-emissions hydrogen are produced in Africa, exclusively from renewables. The hydrogen project pipeline to 2030 has 31 projects, which could allow increasing production to…
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Southeast Asia Energy Outlook 2026 Energy outlook to 2050 based on today’s policy settings
…the largest single source of generation, but low-emissions sources gain ground, especially in the STEPS. Gas use in the power sector rises, with annual output increasing by more than 1.5-fold in both scenarios to around 600 TWh by 2035. In the STEPS, renewables and nuclear together provide just over half of total generation by 2050, compared with 43% in the CPS. Solar PV generation rises from 44 TWh in 2024 to almost 200 TWh in 2035 in the STEPS, while expansion is slower in the CPS due to integration challenges. Other renewables also increase, led by geothermal…
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Unlocking Ukraine’s Hydrogen Opportunity: A Roadmap Executive summary
…nearly 100% of GDP.Country risk and its impact on the cost of capital is the most important hurdle for hydrogen projects. Low-emissions hydrogen is a nascent sector, and scale-up faces barriers including the need to find off-takers to secure finance, the cost gap in comparison to production from unabated fossil fuels, and infrastructure availability in certain locations. In Ukraine, however, country risk determines the overall cost of capital. Even before Russia’s full-scale invasion, the cost of capital was already above 12% for renewables, and even higher for hydrogen projects given the sector-specific risks…
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Electricity Mid-Year Update 2025 Supply: Renewables grow the most, followed by gas and nuclear
As highlighted in our annual Electricity 2025 report, low-emissions energy sources are reaching new milestones globally in our forecast period. Renewables are poised to surpass coal-fired generation, depending on weather trends and economic developments, either as early as 2025 or in 2026. As a result, coal’s share in total generation is set to drop below 33% for the first time in the last 100 years.Solar PV and wind energy are key drivers of this trend, with their combined share in global electricity generation expected to rise from 15% in 2024 to 17% in 2025 and to above…
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Renewables 2025 Renewable transport
…renewable hydrogen and hydrogen-based fuels, with activity concentrated in the United States and Europe. Globally, EVs are expected to account for more than 15% of the vehicle stock by 2030, with renewable electricity meeting more than half of electricity demand in key markets. In China, EVs represent more than one-third of cars on the road by 2030 as vehicle costs decline and charging infrastructure continues to be enhanced. At the same time, renewable electricity is expected to make up over half of China’s total power generation.The forecast for the use of low-emissions hydrogen and hydrogen…
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Sustainable Transport for Georgia: A Roadmap Sustainable transport roadmap
…creates fuel price volatility, slows growth and raises geopolitical risks. Transport electrification and efficiency can substantially enhance energy security and resilience.This roadmap describes how Georgia can seize strategic opportunities from transport sector transformation. Doing so can bring health, mobility and job benefits while aligning Georgia with Paris Agreement commitments. Policy makers are working with corporate partners and supporting priorities set out in earlier plans, as shown by already completed or underway in the National Energy and Climate Plan (NECP) and the 2024-2025 Climate Action Plan. Some prospects, such as partnering with global firms to build domestic low-emissions…
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Global Hydrogen Review 2026 Production
…dominated by unabated fossil fuels. Low-emissions hydrogen production reached almost 1 Mt in 2025 and is expected to register record growth in 2026, accounting for more than 1% of global production, strongly concentrated in China, Europe and North America.Installed electrolysis capacity doubled in 2025 to surpass 4 GW, thanks to the commissioning of several large-scale projects in China. More than 2.5 GW are under construction, targeting operation in 2026. Growth is expected mostly in Europe, with 2 GW, but is highly concentrated in a small number of big projects.One large project for production from fossil fuels with carbon capture…
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Delivering Sustainable Fuels Executive summary
…continuous improvements are implemented.Liquid and gaseous renewable fuels already play a visible role in today’s global energy landscape. They are particularly relevant for transport, where they represent 4% of total energy demand. Liquid biofuels dominate current use, with emerging contributions from biogases and low-emissions hydrogen. Nearly 80% of liquid biofuel use is covered by GHG performance requirements today, although regional uptake varies widely, reflecting differences in policy support, sustainability criteria, feedstock availability and infrastructure readiness. While representing only 1.3% of total energy consumption globally, in certain countries the contribution of renewable fuels can be much higher…
