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Coal 2025
Analysis and forecast to 2030 Coal is a cornerstone of electricity generation in many countries as well as the single largest source of carbon dioxide emissions globally, placing it at the centre of international dialogues on energy. At a time of uncertainty and change for energy systems around the world, a range of different trends could shape coal markets in the years ahead.On the one hand, recent policy changes supporting coal could drive consumption higher, as could surging electricity demand in economies across the world, since two-thirds of global coal use today is for power generation. On the…
- Executive summary
- Demand
- Supply
- Trade
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+ 2 pages
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Gas Market Report, Q2-2025 Executive summary
…Republic of China (hereafter “China”). Tighter market fundamentals put upward pressure on gas prices across all key markets, while geopolitical tensions have also continued to fuel price volatility. Below-average growth in global LNG output together and lower piped gas exports from the Russian Federation (hereafter “Russia”) to the European Union have kept supply tight and increased the call on gas storage and reserve mechanisms. Global gas demand growth is expected to slow to around 1.5% in 2025 due to a combination of initially tight market conditions and heightened macroeconomic uncertainties. The global gas balance remains fragile in an…
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Global Energy Review 2025 Global trends
…After the upheaval of the Covid-19 pandemic and the subsequent global economic recovery, the world economy saw further moderation in growth trends in 2024. Global growth averaged 3.2%, close to its pre-pandemic average of 3.4% from 2010 to 2019. Inflation continued to decline in 2024 following sharp post-pandemic price spikes and the impact of the war in Ukraine. Global energy prices have also moderated, with oil prices on a downward trend after the highs of 2022. Yet geopolitical risks persisted, and some markets remained exposed to volatility. The main European gas price benchmark, the TTF…
- Key findings
- Global trends
- Oil
- Natural gas
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+ 3 pages
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Southeast Asia Energy Outlook 2026 Energy in Southeast Asia
…35% per year, albeit from a low base. Modern bioenergy, hydropower and geothermal remain dominant, accounting for over 95% of total renewable energy supply in 2024. Oil demand has continued to rise on average by 1.5% per year since 2015 to 5 mb/d today, while natural gas remains an important fuel for power generation and industry. At the same time, declining regional oil output and tightening gas balances are increasing the region’s reliance on imports, heightening vulnerability to international price shocks and supply disruptions. Industry, transport and buildings shape the region’s energy demand profile. Industry is…
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Kuwait
Kuwait is wholly reliant on fossil fuels for energy generation and by 2030, its energy demand will triple. In order to diversify its energy mix, the country targets to increase the share of renewable generation to 15% by 2030.
- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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+ 5 pages
![Kuwait Flag]()
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Oil Market Report - February 2026
The IEA Oil Market Report (OMR) is one of the world's most authoritative and timely sources of data, forecasts and analysis on the global oil market – including detailed statistics and commentary on oil supply, demand, inventories, prices and refining activity, as well as oil trade for IEA and selected non-IEA countries. Highlights Global oil demand is forecast to rise by 850 kb/d in 2026, up from 770 kb/d last year. As in 2025, non‑OECD economies will account for the entire increase, with China taking the lead on a country level. Petrochemical feedstock products will represent more…
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Southeast Asia Energy Outlook 2026
The Southeast Asia Energy Outlook 2026 is the seventh edition of this World Energy Outlook Special Report, making Southeast Asia by far the most regularly updated regional outlook compiled by the International Energy Agency (IEA). This reflects the dynamism of the region, as well as the importance of the IEA’s partnership with the eleven countries that make up the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) – Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Indonesia, Lao People’s Democratic Republic (Lao PDR), Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Timor-Leste (joined ASEAN in 2025) and Viet Nam.As energy security concerns move ever higher on…
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Coal Mid-Year Update 2025
Coal’s role in the global energy system today remains significant. Over the past decade, the world’s demand for coal has stayed relatively stable, apart from a temporary drop during the Covid-19 pandemic and the rapid rebound that followed. Today, global coal consumption, power generation, production and trade are all at record levels.In many countries, coal continues to be the leading source of electricity generation, helping to meet growing energy needs. These trends carry major implications for energy security, affordability and sustainability, especially as coal remains the single largest contributor to energy-related carbon dioxide emissions. While…
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Renewable Integration
Renewable Integration
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Fossil Fuel Subsidies
This approach compares average end-user prices paid by consumers with reference prices that correspond to the full cost of supply. The price gap is the amount by which an end-use price is short of the reference price. Its existence indicates the presence of a subsidy. In a given economy, the basic calculation of subsidies for a product is:Subsidy = (Reference price - End-user price) × Units consumedThese calculations require substantial data. End-user price and consumption data are drawn from IEA data and, where necessary, from government sources and other reports. The estimates are also sensitive to reference…
