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World Energy Investment 2025 United States
…subsequent investment in data centres (DC), companies are racing to secure sources of clean electricity. This has led to a surge in the US corporate power purchase agreement (PPA) market wherein technology and DC companies have been responsible for procuring 86 GW of renewable capacity since 2015. This has also created demand for next-generation energy technologies such as small modular reactors (SMR) and advanced geothermal plants, reaching agreements respectively for 26 GW (mostly SMR) and 265 MW as of Q4 2024. This has been enabled by deep financial markets and a domestic venture capital ecosystem, which have helped drive early-stage growth…
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Energy Technology Perspectives 2026 Deployment of clean energy technologies, materials and fuels
Outlook Many clean energy technologies are increasingly cost-competitive and growing strongly. Their aggregate market value has grown 20% on average per year since 2015 to reach nearly USD 1.2 trillion. Some 80% of global solar PV and wind generation now occurs at lower levelised costs than for coal or gas. Battery prices have dropped 75% since 2015, pushing electric car sales to around 25% share in 2025. Deployment increases in all IEA scenarios: in the Current Policies Scenario (CPS), their global market value nearly doubles to around USD 2 trillion in 2035, greater than the oil market in…
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Northwest European Hydrogen Monitor 2025
Northwest Europe is at the forefront of low-emissions hydrogen development. This region accounts for around 40% of Europe’s total hydrogen demand, and it has vast and untapped renewable energy and carbon storage potential in the North Sea. It also has a well-developed, interconnected gas network that could be partially repurposed to facilitate the transmission and distribution of low-emissions hydrogen from production sites to demand centres.The development of the low-emissions hydrogen market in Northwest Europe could gradually scale up in the short- to medium-term. Northwest European countries now have ambition to develop up to…
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Breakthrough Agenda Report 2025 Building
State of the transition Emissions Sectorial CO2 emissions trends have been fairly stable since 2018.Efficiency gains in buildings are improving energy use, but rising ownership of appliances and extreme weather increasingly offset these benefits.Emissions intensity of steel and cement is largely the same as 2020, while global construction activity has slowed in recent years. Cost Investment in building energy efficiency has risen over the past decade, but growth is now stalling, while spending on electrification grows steadily.High-efficiency building envelopes often entail higher upfront costs, constraining uptake in markets without dedicated financial support mechanisms.Strengthening the business…
- Executive summary
- Power
- Hydrogen
- Road transport
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Energy Technology Perspectives 2026 Executive summary
…energy technologies and fuels are expanding rapidly Deployment of many clean energy technologies, fuels and materials has been growing fast, but shifting policies, economic conditions and technological progress are creating uncertainty about their prospects and economic potential. Against this backdrop, the IEA’s flagship technology publication Energy Technology Perspectives (ETP) aims to separate the signal from the noise, by providing timely data, scenarios and analysis across deployment, manufacturing, trade, competitiveness and security. At a time when misjudging the moment risks wasting capital or stalling momentum, this report has been designed to help decision makers navigate uncertainties.Deployment of clean energy…
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Net Zero Emissions
…the energy sector to achieve this goal at the global level by mid-century. An update to the Roadmap, which has served as an essential benchmark for policy makers, industry, the financial sector and civil society, was published in 2023.The Roadmap is based on the IEA’s Net Zero Emissions (NZE) Scenario, which portrays a pathway for the global energy sector to achieve net zero carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions by 2050 while maintaining energy security. This scenario is consistent with keeping long-term global warming to 1.5 °C with limited overshoot. It also aims to meet key energy…
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Financing Clean Energy in Africa Designing finance solutions for clean energy: solutions for key sectors
…access and facilitate the integration of variable renewables. The poor financial health of utilities has hampered investment to date, but models have emerged for greater private sector participation in this segment. Adoption of these models increases private sector investment in grids from 4% to 10% by 2030. Energy efficiency is not currently a priority for many sources of concessional capital: it is only explicitly covered in around 15% of financing instruments. Efficiency plays a major role in the SAS, but higher upfront costs can complicate investment. Numerous innovative financing models are being trialled, from large-scale approaches to those targeting…
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Affordability
…the energy savings of efficiency measures can be initially lower than expected. In India, time-saving appliance ownership, such as of washing machines or refrigerators, is associated with a 15% increase of employment among women and an increased school attendance by older children.As people gain access to electricity, they acquire new equipment, often starting with light bulbs, followed by televisions, and finally fans, particularly in hot locations. As available power increases and electricity becomes more reliable, refrigerators are installed as well. For many products, such as refrigerators, highly efficient models use less than half of the energy of inefficient…
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Financing the Modernisation of Power Systems Beyond Coal
…s role in system adequacy, reliability and energy security, complicates efforts to accelerate coal transitions. Recent volatility in international gas markets has reinforced the short‑term economic and security value of existing coal assets, adding complexity to national transition strategies. The region’s young coal fleet also implies substantial long‑term emissions if plants continue operating at current utilisation rates.Against this backdrop, new approaches are being explored to support coal transitions while maintaining secure and reliable power systems. This report examines the potential role of transition credits as a market‑based instrument to support coal transitions in Southeast Asia. It analyses the scale…
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Grid-scale Storage
Country and regional highlights
Major markets target greater deployment of storage additions through new funding and strengthened recommendations
Technology deployment
Pumped-storage hydropower is still the most widely deployed storage technology, but grid-scale batteries are catching up
Innovation
While innovation on lithium-ion batteries continues, further cost reductions depend on critical mineral prices
Policy
Investment