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COP28 Tripling Renewable Capacity Pledge 2025: Update Key Findings
…pledges could exceed 1 600 GW, almost ten times what is captured in the current round of submissions (170 GW).In contrast, analysis of existing policies, plans and estimates for 189 countries corresponds to renewable capacity reaching 8 355 GW in 2030, five times the level reflected in NDCs. China’s renewable ambition is the highest globally, followed by Europe and the Asia Pacific region, all three together accounting for 80% of the global total. Solar PV is the leading technology in 2030 renewables ambitions. However, despite higher ambitions emerging from national policies, a significant ambition gap with the tripling pledge remains. One hundred-plus…
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Coal 2025 Trade
…traded volumes. Seaborne trade continued to dominate, representing over 90% of global coal trade in 2024.The Asia Pacific region further strengthened its dominance, accounting for 85% of global coal imports in 2024. China led global imports in 2024 with 548 Mt, an unprecedented figure for any country in history, followed by India (237 Mt) and Japan (162 Mt). Together, these three countries represented over 60% of global coal imports. On the export side, Indonesia remained the top exporter with 555 Mt, primarily thermal coal, followed by Australia (363 Mt) and Russia (198 Mt), which directed 75% of its exports to Asia in 2024. Combined, these three countries…
- Executive summary
- Demand
- Supply
- Trade
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Global Energy Review 2026 Natural gas
…in absolute terms. Incremental demand was largely concentrated in the United States and the European Union – where it was supported by colder winter weather – and in the Middle East, where gas use in the power sector grew rapidly offsetting oil use. By contrast, demand in the Asia Pacific region effectively flatlined, with growth at its lowest level since the 2022 energy crisis. The buildings sector emerged as the largest driver of global gas demand growth in 2025, due to cold weather The contribution of the buildings sector to growth in natural gas demand increased sharply in 2025, reaching almost 70…
- Key findings
- Global trends
- Oil
- Natural gas
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Coal Mid-Year Update 2025 Demand
…and 2.3% in 2023.The increase in 2024 was primarily driven by emerging economies in Asia, particularly China and India. China recorded the largest absolute growth, with demand rising by 82 Mt (1.7%) while India’s consumption increased by 45 Mt (4%). Additional growth was observed in Indonesia and Viet Nam. In contrast, coal demand declined significantly in advanced economies, notably in the European Union (down 40 Mt, or 11%) and the United States (down 14 Mt, or 4%), largely due to reduced coal-fired power generation.Asia-Pacific’s share of global coal consumption continued to grow…
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Global Energy and Climate Model Macro drivers
…Russia, Japan and China. In contrast, the United Nations projects a billion more people in Africa by 2050, accounting for three-fifths of the global population increase, and around a further fifth is in the Asia Pacific region. India’s population has overtaken that of China since 2023 and is projected to reach almost 1.7 billion by 2050, some 410 million people more than in China. In the past, the development of economies has typically been associated with the migration of rural workers to towns and cities in search of better paying jobs. This pattern of development is assumed to continue…
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World Energy Outlook 2022 Outlook for solid fuels
…the APS and more than 80% in the NZE Scenario in 2050. Unabated coal use drops by 99% between 2021 and 2050 in the NZE Scenario.Following the European Union ban on Russian imports, a short-lived increase in coal consumption in Europe is supplied from a variety of sources including South Africa and Colombia. The Asia Pacific region accounted for more than three-quarters of global coal imports in 2021 and this share is set to rise. Despite efforts to increase domestic production, India becomes the world’s largest coal importer in the STEPS in the mid-2020s, while…
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Energy Efficiency 2024 How can energy efficiency alleviate rising heatwave-driven electricity demand?
…including Brazil, China, India, Mexico and the United States, reached new power peak demand records during heatwaves, while many others suffered major power outages and rolling blackouts. Electricity grids in countries with high AC ownership and hot climates are particularly impacted. Nearly 80% of countries in Latin America and Asia Pacific either reached new peak demand records during a heatwave or suffered heat-related grid disruptions. In Europe, a heatwave hit the Balkan region in June, leading to major power cuts, and in July temperatures reached 43°C, resulting in record electricity demand in Serbia and Croatia. In sub-Saharan Africa, where…
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Electricity 2026 Emissions
…for hydropower generation, can cause an increase in emissions in individual years. However, the transformative trend of low-emissions energy sources limiting fossil-fired output is expected to remain resilient.In 2025, reduced emissions from electricity generation in India and China were largely offset by increases in the United States, other Asia Pacific (excluding India and China), Eurasia and the Middle East. India saw a decline of 3.3% y-o-y as coal-fired generation contracted amid moderate demand growth and strong renewables expansion. China saw a slight decrease of around 1%. In the European Union, emissions from electricity…
- Executive summary
- Demand
- Supply
- Grids
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Global Energy Review 2026 Key findings
…road transport in check. Electric car sales continued their rapid growth, climbing over 20% to more than 20 million units – around one quarter of new car sales in 2025.Gas demand growth slowed markedly in 2025, rising by around 1%, down from the 2.8% recorded in 2024, amid relatively high prices in the first half of the year. Incremental demand was largely concentrated in the United States and European Union, supported by colder winter weather, and in the Middle East, where gas use in the power sector grew quickly. By contrast, Asia Pacific demand grew at its weakest pace...
- Key findings
- Global trends
- Oil
- Natural gas
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+ 9 pages
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Global EV Outlook 2025 Trends in the electric car industry
…the country’s total output, followed by Japanese and EU OEMs contributing equally to the remaining 30%. Meanwhile, Canada’s output paled in comparison to its neighbours, remaining constant from 2023 at 25 000 vehicles.Electric car production also increased in Asia Pacific countries other than China to reach about 1 million. While incumbent carmakers such as Japan’s Toyota and Korea’s Hyundai were behind most of the region’s output, emerging EV players like VinFast in Viet Nam or Tata in India were responsible for an increasing share of production, growing from 10% in 2023 to 15% in 2024. In In..…
