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Energy Technology Perspectives 2026 Energy technology manufacturing and trade
…PV and wind manufacturing investment in China. The United States and the European Union are estimated to have accounted for around 30% of global manufacturing investment combined in 2025, up from 15% in 2023, marginally increasing global supply chain diversification. After dipping in 2024, global trade in clean energy technologies recovered in 2025, with gross imports for relevant product categories reaching an all-time high in the second quarter. This is despite prices for several technologies falling; solar PV module prices have fallen around 50% since 2023 with those for battery packs falling by 30%. China maintains an out-sized role in…
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Electricity 2026 Prices
…including Europe and the United States, while others such as India and Australia saw lower prices compared to 2024. Looking at electricity prices for energy-intensive industries, significant variations across regions remain. EU electricity prices for energy‑intensive industries stayed elevated in 2025, again averaging over twice US levels and nearly 50% above those in China, similar to 2024, adding competitive pressure.At the same time, negative wholesale electricity prices became more common across many markets. Exceptions include the Nordic region in Europe and California in the United States, which recorded year-on-year declines in the numbers of negatively priced hours…
- Executive summary
- Demand
- Supply
- Grids
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Global Energy Review 2026 Coal
…growth slowing each year since 2021.Coal use in power generation diverged from recent trends in several regions around the world. In the United States, strong coal use in the power sector supported a 10% rise in demand, reversing the trend of declines in recent years. Meanwhile, in China – by far the world’s biggest coal consumer – electricity generation from coal fell for the first time since 2015. In India, coal-fired electricity generation also declined, mostly due to the impact of an early and strong monsoon. And in the European Union, the long-term decrease in coal use slowed…
- Key findings
- Global trends
- Oil
- Natural gas
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Global Energy Review 2026 Electricity demand
…developing economies accounted for 80% of global electricity demand growth. China’s share of the increase in global demand was 58%, higher than in 2024, when it stood at 52%, but lower than the 62% average observed over the previous decade. China’s net electricity demand surpassed 9 500 TWh in 2025, up by 5.1%, but slower than the growth of 6.6% in 2023 and 7.0% in 2024. Demand from the buildings and transport sectors continued to expand strongly, supported by rising incomes, higher appliance ownership, and the fast growth of China’s electric vehicle fleet. However…
- Key findings
- Global trends
- Oil
- Natural gas
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Global Energy Review 2026 Technology: Electric vehicles
…the IEA’s forecast for annual sales share in the 2025 edition of the Global EV Outlook. Intense domestic competition, attractive prices and the growing availability of different models have supported the rapid rollout of EVs in China, with electric cars capturing more than half of all annual car sales for the first time in 2025. Sales of electric heavy-freight trucks also tripled in 2025, reaching more than 200 000 units. Almost all the growth in China’s electric car sales came from pure battery electric vehicles, with plug-in hybrids seeing a smaller increase (4%). In the European Union…
- Key findings
- Global trends
- Oil
- Natural gas
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Global Energy Review 2026 Technology: Battery storage
…80% of new battery capacity in 2025 was utility‑scale. The remainder was behind-the-meter capacity installed by commercial and residential consumers. Battery storage durations are gradually lengthening. While most projects still cluster around two hours, an increasing number can be deployed for four hours or more, reflecting the growing value of flexibility in systems with rising shares of PV.China continued to lead battery deployment in 2025, accounting for around 60% of global additions, followed by the United States and Europe. However, deployment is widening beyond the largest markets, with strong momentum in Australia and parts of the Middle…
- Key findings
- Global trends
- Oil
- Natural gas
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Global Methane Tracker 2026 Addressing methane in the marketplace
…Such spillovers could arise if the countries or companies affected by the standard reduced the emissions intensity of a greater share of their oil and gas production. For example, if exporters to the European Union, United Kingdom, Japan, Korea and China achieved a 0.2% upstream intensity across all exports, regardless of the destination, global methane emissions would fall by 17 Mt.A coordinated emissions import standard can strengthen energy security for importing countries. If countries that currently export fuel to the European Union, Japan, Korea or the United Kingdom were to cut flaring and methane emissions across all their exports…
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Global EV Outlook 2026 Executive summary
…2025, meaning one-quarter of all new cars sold were electric. Europe saw the strongest growth among major electric vehicle (EV) markets, with electric car sales rising by more than 30% to reach 28% of total sales, following an increase in the stringency of the European Union’s CO2 standards for cars. China’s growth in electric car sales slowed slightly, in part due to a temporary halt to its trade-in scheme, but EVs still accounted for nearly 55% of all car sales. In the United States, electric car sales remained relatively stable at just under 10% of car sales…
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Global EV Outlook 2026 Outlook for electric mobility
…and over 25% in the STEPS, with most of the difference between CPS and STEPS to come from buses and 2/3Ws. In the NZE Scenario, the corresponding share reaches around 45%, reflecting higher levels of policy ambition and technology deployment.The share of the global EV stock located in China declines from 70% in 2025 to over 55% by 2035 in the CPS and around 50% in the STEPS, as adoption accelerates in other markets. In terms of market share, electric 2/3Ws reach close to 60% in the STEPS. Although electric buses and electric LDVs had roughly similar…
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Global EV Outlook 2026 Electric vehicle batteries
…recent increase in lithium and cobalt prices – if sustained – could put upward pressure on battery costs as stockpiles of minerals purchased at lower prices are being drained.Lithium prices at the beginning of 2026 were more than twice as high as in the same period in 2025, even though they remained around 70% lower than their 2022 peak. Several factors contributed to this rise, including faster‑than‑anticipated demand growth – particularly from the battery energy storage sector –, relatively low inventories in China and temporary supply disruptions, such as the suspension of operations at CATL’s Jianxiawo lithium mine. If these upward p...