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Breakthrough Agenda Report 2025 Hydrogen
…ISO standards.Share of global hydrogen production located in countries with rules on emissions thresholds for hydrogen production using methodologies consistent with ISO standards.Qualitative examples of collaborationThe IEA Hydrogen Technology Collaboration Programme (TCP) “Task” for the Certification of Hydrogen and Derivatives is developing a technical mutual recognition framework for certification schemes.The International Partnership for Hydrogen and Fuel Cells in the Economy (IPHE) and the IEA Hydrogen TCP co-ordinated the development of a Hydrogen Certification 101 paper, which benefited from contributions of the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), the Hydrogen Council and the International Power-to-X Hub…
- Executive summary
- Power
- Hydrogen
- Road transport
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Gas Market Report, Q2-2025 Executive summary
…update. In contrast with previous years, this relatively strong growth was largely driven by Europe and North America. In Europe, gas consumption increased by nearly 10% y-o-y as lower renewable electricity output supported higher gas burn in the power sector. Periods of low wind power generation highlighted the key role gas-fired power plants can play in ensuring electricity supply security in energy markets increasingly dominated by variable renewables. In North America, a colder winter pushed natural gas consumption to an all-time high, with demand growth largely supported by stronger gas use in buildings. In contrast, gas…
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Renewables 2025 Biogases
…2026, while the Netherlands is developing one. Ireland has set a national blending mandate for heating.Use in the transport sector continues to grow, especially where targets are based on fuels’ GHG performance, making biomethane more competitive, such as in Germany. On the other hand, creating a unified European market for trading green certificates remains a key demand. The new Union Database, expected to be operational for biogases in 2025, will facilitate the tracking of proof of sustainability (PoS) certificates required under the Renewable Energy Directive (RED).Germany, the world’s largest biogas and biomethane market, with a combined prod...
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Global EV Outlook 2025 Trends in other light-duty electric vehicles
Electric two- and three-wheelers Contrasting regional trends mean global sales of electric two- and three-wheelers remain at around 15% Two- and three-wheelers (2/3Ws) remained the most electrified road transport segment in 2024, with more than 9% of the global fleet now electric. The global sales share of electric models remained at around 15% in 2024 with total electric model sales reaching 10 million. The electric sales share stalled in 2024, mostly due to the shrinking Chinese electric 2/3W market, although growth in other regions was steady. China, India and Southeast Asia remain the world’s largest…
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Northwest European Hydrogen Monitor 2025 Executive summary
Low-emissions hydrogen can play a significant role in decarbonising energy systems and is critical to many countries’ efforts to meet their energy and climate targets. It can also reduce reliance on fossil fuel imports over the longer-term, bolstering energy security.Northwest Europe is at the forefront of low-emissions hydrogen development. The region accounts for around 40% of Europe’s total hydrogen demand. It has vast and untapped renewable energy potential in the North Sea, as well as substantial carbon storage capabilities. The region has a well-developed, interconnected gas network and underground storage sites that could be…
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Unlocking Ukraine’s Hydrogen Opportunity: A Roadmap Policy recommendations for the coming 2-3 years
Prioritise deployment of renewables to boost energy security and create an enabling environment for future hydrogen development Ukraine currently lacks adequate power generation capacity and restoring energy security must be a priority. Any activity focused on accelerating deployment of renewables will have positive spillover effects for hydrogen, by building experience across the workforce and companies and helping to build confidence among potential investors. This will also indirectly reduce the cost of capital by reducing the uncertainties related with renewable electricity generation. Similarly, any efforts related to permitting and administrative processes for renewables can also support the creation of standardised processes…
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Global EV Outlook 2025 Outlook for electric mobility
…GEVO-25) are limited to 2030 in the STEPS. As the IEA highlighted in its 2024 edition of Energy Technology Perspectives, energy, industrial and trade policies are increasingly interwoven and there are challenges and trade-offs between these key areas of public policy. The way these interactions play out for electric mobility over the longer term will therefore be assessed holistically in the context of the scenarios of the entire global energy system that the IEA will develop later in the year using its Global Energy and Climate Model (GEC-M). Key uncertainties for EV markets for the medium-term…
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Global Hydrogen Review 2026 Cost acceptability
…markets for low-emissions hydrogen. Cost acceptability can be influenced by policies and depends on technologies, fuels and cost structure.The factors with the most influence on the maximum acceptable hydrogen cost are energy and carbon prices. Applications where energy has a larger weight in total product cost, like refining and ammonia, in regions with high energy prices, like the European Union, have the highest maximum acceptable hydrogen costs. Steel has high specific emissions and a low share of energy costs, making it the sector most affected by carbon pricing.In the absence of policy support, the maximum acceptable hydrogen…
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Southeast Asia Energy Outlook 2026 Executive summary
…s population and 4% of its GDP, but nearly 20% of global energy demand growth to 2035 under today’s policy settings. The disruption in global fuel markets has exposed deep structural vulnerabilities linked to import dependence, limited diversification and concentrated supply routes. Before the crisis, around 60% of Southeast Asia’s imports of crude oil and a third of its imports of gas were coming from the Middle East, while 45% of its oil product supply were dependent on Middle Eastern crude. The resulting price shock is already feeding through to higher energy bills, inflation and mounting economic risk…
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Energy System Resilience Executive summary
…households have endured severe blackouts, with some areas – including the capital, Kyiv – losing access to power for 17 hours or more on a daily basis. As of mid-January, Ukraine's electricity demand reached 18 gigawatts (GW), while the power system's capacity stood at roughly only 11 GW – a 7 GW deficit that has forced rolling blackouts, threatened heating and water systems during severe sub-zero conditions, and endangered essential services. In response to these extreme challenges, Ukraine has showed extraordinary determination to pursue a new architecture of energy resilience through decentralised electricity and heat generation, complemented by mobile...
