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Renewables in District Energy Executive summary
…million kilometres. The amount of heat delivered through district heating has increased by about 35% since 2010. These systems are embedded in national energy systems across Europe, China, Russia and parts of Central Asia. District cooling is less developed than district heating but is expanding beyond the Middle East into multiple regions. With rising cooling demand and urban density, it can improve efficiency, reduce peak electricity demand and support system integration.To date, district heating remains largely fossil fuel-based, with around two-thirds of consumption in energy-importing countries, exposing consumers to price volatility and geopolitical supply risks. While…
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Energy Efficiency Policy Toolkit Energy Efficiency Policy Toolkit: Case studies
The following case studies demonstrate how different countries have successfully implemented energy efficiency policies across various sectors. These real-world examples are designed to support policymakers by offering practical insights into what works, under which conditions, and why.Each case study highlights specific policy instruments—such as regulations, information campaigns, or financial incentives—and shows how they have been applied in different contexts. They provide evidence on the outcomes achieved, lessons learned, and the challenges encountered during implementation. Readers are encouraged to explore the case studies by sector, policy type, or geographic region using the filters provided. Case studies bridge…
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World Energy Outlook 2022 Energy security in energy transitions
…unit energy consumption significantly, but the pace of improvement has slowed in recent years. Policies that accelerate the rate of retrofits are crucial as over half of the buildings that will be in use in 2050 have already been built.Reverse the slide into energy poverty and give poor communities a lift into the new energy economy. As a result of the pandemic and the energy crisis, 75 million people have lost the ability to pay for extended electricity services and 100 million for clean cooking solutions. In emerging market and developing economies, the poorest households consume nine-times less energy than…
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Electricity Mid-Year Update 2025 Emissions: Power generation CO2 emissions are plateauing
…rate of less than 1% for China in 2025-2026. This is highly sensitive to fluctuations in electricity demand, which can result from deviations from the latest economic projections as well as variations in weather conditions in individual years. Nevertheless, the rapid growth of renewable energy in China, accompanied by rising nuclear generation, will limit fossil-fired power generation and continue to support the trend towards flattening emissions from electricity generation. The European Union follows China with substantial declines in emissions from power generation over the 2025-2026 period. US power sector emissions are expected to decline only slightly over…
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The State of Energy Innovation 2026 Interactive: Highlights in energy innovation
Interactive: Highlights in energy innovation
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The State of Energy Innovation 2025 Interactive: Highlights in energy innovation
Interactive: Highlights in energy innovation
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Portugal 2026 Executive summary
…IEA Member countries. Portugal is entering a mid‑transition that requires managing two interconnected energy systems that are moving in opposite directions: one is based on renewables and electrification and must scale up rapidly; the other is a legacy fossil fuel system that must decline in an orderly way to avoid stranded assets and price shocks. Electricity is becoming the central pillar of energy security and the main driver of emissions reductions.Portugal has established an ambitious direction for its energy transition through a series of strategic policy documents centred on the National Energy and Climate Plan (NECP). The NECP sets…
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World Energy Outlook 2022 Outlook for energy demand
…Renewables, notably solar PV and wind, gain the most ground of any energy source this decade, accounting for 43% of electricity generation worldwide in 2030, up from 28% today. Oil demand rises 0.8% per year to 2030, but peaks soon after at around 103 million barrels per day as electric vehicles (EVs) and efficiency gains undermine its prospects.The tone for accelerated clean energy development this decade in advanced economies is being set by new policy packages and government plans and targets, notably those set out in: Inflation Reduction Act (United States); RePowerEU plan and Fit for 55 package (European…
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Renewables 2022 Renewable heat
…2027 Given the policy landscape as of September 2022, global heat consumption – excluding ambient heat harnessed by heat pumps – is projected to grow almost 14 EJ (+6%) during 2022-2027. Increasing industrial activity drives this trend, with China and India together representing 60% of industrial heat demand growth, while energy efficiency improvements allow building heat consumption to decline 4% globally. The traditional use of biomass is anticipated to decline by more than 3 EJ (‑13%) over the outlook period, mostly in China and India, owing in part to the deployment of improved biomass cookstoves. Modern renewable heat consumption is expected to increase…
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World Energy Outlook 2025 Stated Policies Scenario
…new fuels generally struggle to gain market share and remain heavily dependent on policy support to compete. Energy-sector CO2 emissions peak near term at just over 38 gigatonne (Gt), falling to 35 Gt by the mid-2030s and below 30 Gt by 2050 – a level last seen in 2005 – driven mainly by reduced coal use in China’s power sector. Emissions from end-use sectors flatten but do not decline significantly. Europe sees one of the largest percentage drops. By 2100, the global temperature is projected to rise by 2.5 °C. Peaks and valleys of the Stated Policies Scenario Where the energy...
