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China’s Official Energy Finance in Emerging and Developing Economies Setting the scene
…clean energy investment. With the bulk of future energy and electricity demand expected to be driven by EMDE, this disparity influences their ability to deliver secure, affordable energy transitions aligned with their development objectives. From around USD 875 billion today, energy investment in EMDE other than China needs to rise substantially in all scenarios. In the Net Zero Emissions by 2050 Scenario (NZE Scenario), energy investment in these countries, taken together, reaches nearly USD 2 trillion by 2035. Such a substantial scale-up requires taking careful stock of what the available sources of finance are, where they are going, and how…
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Chile 2050 Energy Transition Roadmap Executive summary
…completion of Chile’s net zero emission goal by 2050. It has been produced in close collaboration with the Ministry of Energy and is designed to serve as an input to the forthcoming elaboration of Chile’s Long-Term Energy Planning (PELP 2028-2032). This report builds on the modelling and analytical strengths of the IEA to assess what is needed to reduce energy-related emissions to reach net zero emission by 2050. It is based on the Announced Pledges Scenario (APS), in which Chile and all other countries meet their announced long-term net zero emissions targets.The energy…
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State of Energy Policy 2026 Climate pledges
…forward a 66‑73% reduction target by 2035 relative to 1990 levels, in line with its 90% reduction target for 2040 and its net zero goal by 2050. Japan’s latest NDC also sets a target of 73% emissions reduction by 2040 relative to 2013 levels, consistent with the annual reductions required to meet its net zero target for 2050. Most emerging markets and developing economies have pledged to reduce emissions against a baseline of faster growth, while still implying a net increase in energy sector emissions over the next decade. Emerging markets’ conditional NDCs point to slightly negative annual emissions…
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Global EV Outlook 2026 Outlook for electric mobility
…excluding 2/3Ws) increases at an average rate of about 20% per year. More than 90% of these vehicles are electric cars, a share similar to that observed in 2025. In contrast, the Net Zero by 2050 Scenario (NZE) sees a significantly faster expansion of the EV fleet (excluding 2/3Ws) by 2035, reaching close to 800 million.By 2035, the stock of electric 2/3Ws reaches around 200 million in the CPS and around 300 million in the STEPS, representing a fourfold increase compared to today’s levels. The CPS sees adoption of electric 2/3Ws grow particularly for commercial use cases…
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Ramping up Heat Pumps in Moldova: A Roadmap Status and key indicators
…The National Agency for Research and Development (NARD) oversees research and innovation policies, including European Union research programmes such as Horizon Europe. NARD supports energy-related initiatives by funding projects, fostering partnerships and promoting international collaboration to advance energy research and technology. Energy strategy and objectives Moldova passed legally binding legislation in April 2024 that commits the country to achieving net zero emissions by 2050. In addition to setting this target, Law No. 74 on Climate Action establishes a climate change commission to coordinate policies and public spending on adaptation and mitigation.Moldova’s Energy Strategy of 2030 had set…
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Integrating Solar and Wind in Southeast Asia Executive summary
…reduce import costs, and increase sustainability. The ASEAN Vision 2045 and regional targets place strong emphasis on renewable energy, putting a spotlight on integration measures to ensure its cost-effective and secure deployment. Eight of the ten ASEAN member states have announced carbon neutrality and net zero emissions targets, with many countries already implementing policy measures to scale up renewables, including competitive auctions, direct power purchase agreements and feed-in tariffs. The 2025 renewal of the 5-year ASEAN Plan of Action for Energy Cooperation (APAEC) is expected to reinforce the regional commitment to progress deployment of renewables until 2030…
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Global Hydrogen Review 2025 Demand
…China remains the leader, with almost 95% of the world’s fuel cell commercial vehicles stock.In shipping, the fleet of ships able to use hydrogen-based fuels is growing and offtake agreement activity has increased, but concerns about supply availability are slightly slowing down momentum. The recent approval of the IMO Net-Zero Framework could provide a boost, but its impact is uncertain, as it may favour first-generation biofuels or even liquefied natural gas (LNG) in the short term.In the power sector, progress remains slow and mostly concentrated in Japan and Korea, where policy support is helping…
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World Energy Outlook 2025 Executive summary
…data on policies, technologies and markets, together with rigorous modelling. This allows readers to explore the implications of different choices and pathways. Scenarios The World Energy Outlook 2025 (WEO-2025) has three main scenarios. Two of these set starting conditions and then examine where they lead – the Current Policies Scenario (CPS) and the Stated Policies Scenario (STEPS). A third, the Net Zero Emissions by 2050 (NZE) Scenario, maps out a pathway to achieve specific energy and climate-related goals. The Current Policies Scenario considers a snapshot of policies and regulations that are already in place and offers a cautious persp...
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World Energy Outlook 2025 Overview and key findings
…exports brings downward pressure on prices. The emissions trajectory in the CPS is consistent with warming of almost 3 °C by 2100, whereas lower levels of emissions in the STEPS keep this to around 2.5 °C, slightly higher than the 2024 version of the STEPS. In the Net Zero Emissions by 2050 Scenario (NZE Scenario), warming peaks around 2050 at about 1.65 °C and declines slowly after that, largely due to active measures to remove CO2 from the atmosphere. The resilience of energy infrastructure in the face of extreme weather and other hazards is becoming more critical. Electricity plays a…
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World Energy Outlook 2025 Setting the scene
…those that have been formally tabled but not yet adopted as well as other official strategy documents that indicate the direction of travel. Barriers to the introduction of new technologies are lower than in the CPS, but this scenario does not assume that aspirational targets are met. Further scenarios have normative elements and work towards defined outcomes. The Net Zero Emissions by 2050 (NZE) Scenario maps out an updated global pathway for the energy sector to achieve net zero CO2 emissions by 2050. An additional scenario, the Accelerating Clean Cooking and Electricity Services Scenario (ACCESS), is introduced in this WEO…