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World Energy Outlook 2022 The global energy crisis
…in the context of commitments made by governments to clean energy transitions. A central theme of this World Energy Outlook 2022 is how the levers of technological change and innovation, trade and investment and behavioural shifts might drive a secure transition towards a net zero emissions energy system, while minimising the potential risks and trade-offs between various policy objectives. Key findings The recovery in global energy consumption that followed the pandemic-induced drop in 2020 ended prematurely with Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in early 2022, plunging global energy markets into turmoil, stoking inflationary pressures and slowing economic growth…
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Global Energy Review 2026 Key findings
…temperatures. The People’s Republic of China (hereafter, “China”) accounted for the largest overall share of global energy demand growth, but at 1.7% its growth rate slowed sharply due to the rapid growth of renewables and efficiency improvements.Demand for electricity grew at well over twice the rate of energy demand, reaffirming that the world has entered the Age of Electricity. Growth of nearly 3% remained above the average of 2.8% over the last decade, but was slower than in 2024, largely due to one-off factors such as lower demand for cooling in India and Southeast Asia…
- Key findings
- Global trends
- Oil
- Natural gas
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+ 9 pages
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What Next for the Global Car Industry The importance of the growth in EV sales for the car industry
…battery electric car is up to 60% higher than in an ICE car, due to the critical mineral content. Demand for refined battery minerals, the supply of which tends to be concentrated in China, is set to keep growing, especially for lithium, for which electric cars already account for over 50% of global demand. Around a decade ago, several major automakers already had electrification strategies, but approaches differed. Chinese automakers and Tesla were particularly successful at quickly reaching economies of scale for electric cars. Before 2020, only 6 battery electric models had reached the production threshold of 50 000 units per…
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Renewables 2025 Renewable heat
…chance to limit global warming to 1.5°C Renewable heat consumption is expected to accelerate slightly over the outlook period, rising more than 42% (+12 EJ) globally during 2025-2030 – twice the increase of the previous six-year period. Nonetheless, this growth represents just 70% of the projected global increase in total heat demand, leading to rising fossil fuel consumption for heat and associated CO2 emissions (+4%/+0.6 Gt CO2 in annual emissions). Over 2025-2030, cumulative heat-related CO2 emissions are anticipated to total 100 Gt CO2 – more than one-fifth of the carbon budget remaining for a 50% likelihood of limiting global warming to…
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Electricity 2026 Prices
…As a result, policy makers are increasingly focusing on market and regulatory reforms to improve affordability while still ensuring prices reflect costs and encourage demand‑side flexibility. Wholesale prices continue to differ across regions In many markets wholesale prices increased year-on-year in 2025 amid higher gas prices, following declines in 2024 compared to 2023. The average EU wholesale price in 2025 was up around 10% y-o-y to about USD 95/MWh, in line with the 9% increase in the Title Transfer Facility (TTF) natural gas price at the trading hub in the Netherlands. This was also supported by higher…
- Executive summary
- Demand
- Supply
- Grids
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+ 4 pages
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World Energy Outlook 2022 Outlook for gaseous fuels
…4 400 billion cubic metres (bcm) through to 2050, with growth in emerging market and developing economies offset by declines in advanced economies. In the Announced Pledges Scenario (APS), demand soon peaks and is 10% lower than 2021 levels by 2030. In the Net Zero Emissions by 2050 (NZE) Scenario, demand falls by 20% to 2030, and is 75% lower than today by 2050.Global natural gas demand in 2050 in this year’s version of the STEPS is 750 bcm lower than projected in last year’s version. Half of this downward revision comes from more rapid moves away from unabated natura...
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Energy and AI Energy supply for AI
…generation for data centre operations by 2035. Consequently, CO2 emissions from electricity generation for data centres peak at around 320 Mt CO2 by 2030, before entering a shallow decline to around 300 Mt CO2 by 2035. Despite rapid growth, data centres remain a relatively small part of the overall power system, rising from about 1% of global electricity generation today to 3% in 2030, accounting for less than 1% of total global CO2 emissions. Regional outlook The United States and China are by far the largest data centre markets today. In both countries, most of the electricity consumed by data centres...
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Renewables 2021 Renewable heat
…deployment of improved biomass cookstoves. Global modern renewable heat consumption is expected to increase at a faster rate than heat demand, expanding by a quarter (an increase of 5.4 EJ) in the next five years, with the majority of the growth occurring in the buildings sector. While the share of modern uses of renewables rises from 11% in 2020 to 13% in 2026, these investments fall short of containing non-renewable heat consumption. Fossil fuel consumption for heat is forecast to see a 5% increase in heat-related CO2 emissions over the outlook period, equivalent to 0.6 Gt CO2…
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Financing the ASEAN Power Grid Executive summary
…to 4% through to 2040, considerably faster than the global average. ASEAN member states have committed to a massive expansion of new generation capacity to meet this demand. By 2040, total generation capacity is set to more than double with renewables accounting for 75% of new additions under today’s policy settings. This will require over USD 300 billion of investment in the expansion and modernisation of electricity grids from 2025 to 2040 – a 72% increase compared to investment from 2009 to 2024.Interconnectors are set to be a critical component of this grid build-out. The ASEAN Power Grid …
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Demand and Supply Measures for the Steel and Cement Transition Executive summary
…demand. The steel and cement sectors account for 14% of global energy and process-related emissions on a direct basis, making them central to the decarbonisation challenge. First mover producers of near-zero emissions materials are beginning to position themselves to compete in such markets, including through the development of definitions, certification and labelling systems for near-zero emissions steel and cement – in some cases through collaboration with government – like the Low Emissions Steel Standard initiated in Germany, the voluntary CO2 standard of the China Iron and Steel Association, and the Global Cement and Concrete Association’s definitions proposal. Yet…
